明长城工程营造与九边军政体制探究——以“画图贴说”“物勒工名”为中心  

On Construction of Ming the Great Wall and Nine-Garrison-Town Military&Political System:Centering upon“Drawings with Accompanying Specifications”and“Rules Demanding the Inscription of Makers'Names on Items They Had Produced”

作　　者：李大伟 王晗[2] LI Dawei;WANG Han

机构地区：[1]陕西省文物保护研究院,陕西西安市710075 [2]苏州大学,江苏苏州市215006

出　　处：《华夏考古》2023年第2期138-144,共7页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全国明长城资源调查资料整理与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA223)研究成果;国家社会科学基金项目“清至民国时期毛乌素沙地的人群、生计与环境调适研究”(项目编号:20BZS16)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明朝在北部设置九边军镇,并采取了不同于行政管理系统的军事管理体制。长城是九边地区军事防御体系的重要组成部分,通过对文献和存世碑刻、舆图等的梳理可知,其营造由各边镇文武官员负责,并建立了以“画图贴说”和“物勒工名”为核心的较为完善的工程管理制度。“画图贴说”用于呈报决策和勘验,“物勒工名”则用于工程监察,两种制度并非明朝独创,而是承袭于前代,但却被赋予了新的内涵,反映了明王朝在九边军镇实施的管理体制。In Ming Dynasty,nine garrison towns were set up in northern China,and they were under military management,a management system different from administrative management system.The Great Wall was a crucial component of the military defense system in Nine-Garrison-Town districts.This article sorts literature,tablet inscriptions and maps preserved to modern times,and finds out that the construction of the Great Wall was carried out under the supervision of civil and military officials based in each frontier town,and that a relatively complete project management system centering upon"drawings with accompanying specifications"and"rules demanding the inscription of makers"names on items they had produced"was established."Drawings with accompanying specifications"was a norm for the making of reports submitted for final decisions and surveys;"rules demanding the inscription of makers'names on items they had produced"was designed for engineering supervision.Although both institutions were not originally created in Ming Dynasty,but passed down from former dynasties,they were endowed with new meanings,reflect the management system implemented in nine garrison towns in Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：九边军政体制 长城营造 工程管理制度 

分 类 号：E291[军事—军事理论] K248[历史地理—历史学]