我国刑法中伪造行为的类型化分析  

Theory of Forgery Behavior's Boundary

作　　者：董玉庭[1] DONG Yu-ting

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第4期37-49,238,239,共15页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2019中央支持地方高校改革发展资金人才培养项目。

摘　　要：在日常生活的非精确语言环境中可以用造假来解释伪造行为,但是在刑法语境中用造假来诠释伪造犯罪显然不够充分。行为解释离不开法益分析,法益侵害既是伪造行为入罪的实质立法理由,也是伪造犯罪外延边界的解释学根基。伪造犯罪可能存在多种法益侵害,但社会公共信用是最不可或缺的必要法益。确定伪造行为类型的关键在于正确理解被创造出来的物质载体如何为真、如何为假,而社会创造物的真实又来源于形式要件和实质要件的统一。行为人主观上明知自己在客观上创造了一个形式上与真实事物相同或相似,但实质上完全不具有真实事物法律效力的另一事物,就是刑法中的伪造。在司法实践中,典型伪造行为认定一般不会出现争议,但是对于非典型伪造行为却容易出现模糊性问题。非典型伪造行为边界的划定需要以典型伪造行为作为参照系进行事物类型上的对比分析。如果把伪造行为狭义化,那么与其相关联的下游行为的刑法规制条款应予进一步检讨。Forgery can be explained as falsification in everyday imprecise language contexts,but it is not sufficient in the context of criminal law.Behavioral explanation is closely related to legal interest analysis.Legal interest infringement is both the substantive legislative justification for the crime of forgery and the hermeneutical basis of the extended boundary of forgery crime.The crime of forgery may involve a variety of legal interests'infringement,but social public credit is an indispensable one.To determine the type of forgery requires,first and foremost,a correct understanding of the standards of authenticity of the material carrier being created,while the authenticity of social creation comes from the unity of formal and substantive elements.Forgery in criminal law means that the perpetrator subjectively knows that he has objectively created a thing that is formally the same as or similar to the real thing,but in substance does not have the legal effect of the real one at all.In judicial practice,there is usually no debate about what constitutes a typical forgery,whereas it can be ambiguous when it comes to an atypical one.To delimit the boundary of atypical forgery,it should make a comparative analysis of the types of things with the reference of typical forgery behaviors.If forgery is narrowly defined,the criminal law provisions for downstream acts associated with it should be further reviewed.

关 键 词：典型伪造行为 非典型伪造行为 社会公共信用 社会创造物 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]