基于里德堡原子的无线电光学测量及其光谱处理技术(特邀)  

Rydberg atomic radio-optical measurement and spectrum processing techniques(invited)

作　　者：吴金云 杨剑[1] 高伟超 张引发[1] Wu Jinyun;Yang Jian;Gao Weichao;Zhang Yinfa(College of Information and Communication,National University of Defense Technology,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学信息通信学院,湖北武汉430033

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2023年第6期179-203,共25页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(2021MD703982,2022T150784);国防科技大学信息通信学院科研计划(ZZKY-2022-03-001,YJKT-RC-2112)。

摘　　要：里德堡原子是一种高激发态的原子,具有较大电偶极矩,相邻能级差可覆盖DC~THz的超宽频谱范围,因而可以实现电磁场高灵敏、超宽带的传感接收。基于里德堡原子的无线电光学测量是通过碱金属原子在探测光和控制光等两束激光的精确调控下转变为里德堡原子,并使探测光透射光谱产生电磁诱导透明效应,进而在输入的无线电信号的作用下,使其透明光谱发生Autler-Townes(AT)劈裂,完成无线电信号到光学信号的转化,从而实现无线电信号频率、幅度、相位等信息的提取,具有直接解调、无需校准、抗电磁毁伤等特点。近年来,该技术在电场计量、电磁频谱侦测、通信、雷达等电子信息技术领域引起人们的强烈关注。该技术的关键在于如何从原子系统输出光谱中快速准确地提取出无线电信号的信息。针对静态无线电信号、动态无线电信号、单频无线电信号、多频无线电信号等不同类型的无线电信号,对应的信息提取和光谱处理方式也不同。依据不同类型的无线电信号,对基于里德堡原子的无线电光学测量及其光谱处理技术进行分类,并综述其原理、技术特点及国内外研究进展,最后结合该技术特点及其应用前景,对未来发展趋势作了展望。Significance Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with large electric dipole moments.The energy difference between adjacent levels can cover an ultra-wide frequency spectrum range from DC to THz,making it possible to achieve high-sensitivity and ultra-wideband reception of electromagnetic fields.Radio-optical measurements based on Rydberg atoms are achieved by precisely controlling two laser beams,the probe laser and the control laser,to transform ground state alkali metal atoms into Rydberg atoms and induce Electromagnetic Induced Transparency(EIT)in the transmitted spectrum of the probe laser.Under the interaction of the input radio signal,Autler-Townes(AT)splitting occurs in the transparent EIT spectrum,completing the conversion of radio signals to optical signals(Fig.2-3),thereby extracting information such as frequency,amplitude,and phase of the radio signal.This technology has attracted great attention in electronic information fields such as electric field metrology,electromagnetic spectrum detection,communication,and radar in recent years.The physical implementation of this technology is simple and does not require strict physical conditions as usual quantum technologies such as single-photon sources or ultra-cold and superconducting conditions.It can be achieved at room temperature without being limited by the level of production technology.It is considered one of the fastest applicable quantum technologies with its high stability,accuracy,and repeatability that could partially replace existing radio reception technologies in the near future.Progress In the past decade,researchers have made significant progress in the study of radio-optical measurement techniques based on Rydberg atoms,from precise measurements of single-frequency static radio signals in electric field metrology applications to real-time reception of single-frequency dynamic radio signals in communication applications,and to spectrum detection and communication reception of complex multi-frequency radio signals.The key to this technolo

关 键 词：里德堡原子 电磁诱导透明 无线电 光学测量 光谱处理 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学] TN98