马克思是否主张剥削是非正义的——对伍德重释马克思剥削理论的批判性考察  

Does Marx Approve of the Injustice of Exploitation?A Critical Research on Wood's Interpretation of Marx's Theory of Exploitation

作　　者：王新生[1] 李琛 Wang Xinsheng;Li Chen

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2023年第6期5-13,126,共10页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“21世纪分析的马克思主义政治哲学研究”(编号18BZX030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前,马克思主义正义理论的研究已成为学界热点,其中如何理解马克思的剥削理论,对于深化马克思与正义之间的关系问题具有重要意义。关于马克思是否主张剥削是非正义的,分析的马克思主义者伍德以“中性”立场和“脆弱性”概念为核心重释了资本主义剥削,将剥削视为无涉价值的客观事实,并据此提出“马克思不主张剥削是非正义的”。伍德错误地将马克思对资本主义剥削的批判内置于西方早期现代哲学传统,抽除了马克思剥削概念的价值意涵,因此既未能把握马克思剥削理论的全部意蕴,也误解了马克思的正义理论。这一错误的根源在于,伍德摒弃了马克思的历史主义方法,未能在事实与价值相统一的逻辑下理解马克思剥削理论与正义理论的内在统一性。In the field of contemporary Marxism studies,the issue of exploitation has always been a core topic.As the rise of the relationship between"Marx and justice",the philosophical trend represented by Anglo-American Analytical Marxism underwent a political philosophical turn by focusing on the re-construction of Marx's normative theory;for example,Romer,Elster,and others closely link"exploitation"to the justification of Marx's theory of justice.Meanwhile,other scholars assert that Marx's concept of exploitation has nothing to do with normative values such as justice.This makes the issue of"capitalist exploitation and justice"a frontier issue in contemporary Marxism studies,and Allen Wood's negative argument is particularly typical.Furthermore,his interpretation sets difficulties in the understanding and construction of Marxist theory of justice,so it is necessary to criticize and respond to his non-normative interpretation of Marx's theory of exploitation,since this will allow for a better understanding of the Marxist theory of justice and even the whole of Marxist political philosophy.Based on the early modern Western tradition of political philosophy,Wood argues for a non-normative perspective in Marx's critique of capitalist exploitation by proposing that"Marx does not claim that exploitation is unjust"and advocates an interpretation of his theory of exploitation in a"radical revolutionary approach".First of all,Wood separates moral criticism from the concept of exploitation by making an analytical philosophical transformation of Marx's concept of exploitation by defining it as"neutral".Then,based on his empirical-scientific reading of Marx's historical materialism and his juridical interpretation of the state and social justice,he eliminates the normative value dimension of Marx's critique of capitalist exploitation,and emphasizes that evaluating capitalist exploitation in terms of the normative value would result in conflict with the objectivist approach of historical materialism.It should be said that Wood's cr

关 键 词：剥削 中性立场 脆弱性 正义 资本主义批判 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]