秦兵器单刻“地名”性质新论  

New Discussion of the Nature of “Place Names” Only Inscribed on Qin Weapons

作　　者：但昌武 Dan Changwu

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院,合肥市230601

出　　处：《考古》2023年第6期86-94,共9页Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项项目“清代安徽舆图整理与历史图集编纂”(项目编号2018VJX024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一般认为,自商鞅变法后,秦兵器铭文的内容大体由两部分组成:一为此兵器监造官员与制造工匠之名,当是在兵器铸造完成后被验收时所刻;二为机构名(如武库、诏事、寺工、属邦等)与地名,基本为后来的加刻内容,反映了兵器的分配、存储与使用等信息[1]。这两部分铭文在形式上有明显的区别:前者多呈完整的句式,有相对详细的内容;后者基本只有一个或多个互不关联的名词。如“二十五年上郡守厝戈二”所载。Inscriptions on Qin weapons are generally composed of two types of content:"objects inscribed with the artisan's name"and"objects inscribed with an official name(institutional name)".These two types of inscriptions display significant differences in their respective engraving processes,main contents,and managerial functions.The latter type of inscription contains many"place names",previously generally believed to record the deployment location of weapons.However,by examining relevant Qin laws,this study finds that these"place names"are actually abbreviations of"oficial names"of various counties.Based on the duties of officials in Qin counties and inscriptions on lacquerware unearthed from Changsha during the early Han period,this study demonstrates that the inscriptions are likely abbreviations of county treasuries,identifying institutions that stored weapons.

关 键 词：秦 兵器铭文 地名 官名 县库 

分 类 号：K875.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K231[历史地理—历史学]