基于FMEA模型的新型冠状病毒感染医疗废物应急处置情况评估  

Evaluation of emergency disposal of medical waste infected by SARS-Cov-2 based on FMEA model

作　　者：张卫平[1] 李妍 黄丽娟 刘春来[1] ZHANG Wei-ping;LI Yan;HUANG Li-juan;LIU Chun-lai(Hospital Infection Management Department,Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital,Guangdong 516001,China;Scientific Research and Teaching Department,Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital,Guangdong 516001,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州市中心人民医院医院感染管理部,广东516001 [2]惠州市中心人民医院科研教学部,广东516001

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2023年第3期181-184,249,共5页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东医学科研基金项目(B2019243);惠州市新冠肺炎应急防治科技专项(2020SC0705005)。

摘　　要：目的 评估广东省某三甲医院在处置新型冠状病毒感染医疗废物(简称新冠医疗废物)过程引发医院感染的风险等级,为降低医院感染风险,制定处置措施提供参考依据。方法 运用失效模式-效应分析(FMEA)方法,识别与新冠医疗废物处置过程中引发医院感染的风险,针对风险优先系数(RPN)>200的失效模式提出改进措施。结果通过FMEA分析,RPN>200的失效模式有病患及家属错误丢弃垃圾(RPN=343)、打包消毒不规范(RPN=336)、个人防护落实不到位(RPN=288)、运送工人发生针刺伤(RPN=240)和未存放在暂存间(RPN=210)。实施针对性措施干预后,7 128.8 kg医疗废物处置得当,无医院感染、锐器伤、医疗废物泄露事件发生。结论 FMEA评估模型可以有效识别与新冠医疗废物处置风险,防止病毒扩散、传播。Objective To evaluate the risk level of hospital infection caused by SARS-Cov-2 in the disposal of medical waste in a grade A tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province,so as to provide a reference for reducing the risk of hospital infection and formulating disposal measures.Methods The failure mode effect analysis( FMEA) method was used to identify the risk of hospital infection in the disposal of medical waste related to SARS-Cov-2 infection,and improvement measures were proposed for the failure mode with risk priority number( RPN) 200.Results Through FMEA analysis,the failure modes with RPN200 included the wrong disposal of garbage by patients and their families( RPN = 343),non-standard packaging and disinfection( RPN= 336),inadequate implementation of personal protection( RPN = 288),needle injury of transport workers( RPN= 240) and and failure to store in temporary storage( RPN= 210).After the implementation of targeted measures,7 128.8 kg of medical waste was properly disposed,and there was no hospital infection,sharp injury,or leakage of medical waste.Conclusion FMEA assessment model can effectively identify the risk of medical waste disposal related to SARS-Cov-2 infection,and prevent the spread and transmission of virus.

关 键 词：FMEA模型 新型冠状病毒 医疗废物 医院感染 风险识别 

分 类 号：R194[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]