新疆季节性积雪对地表温度的影响  

Effects of seasonal snow cover on ground surface temperature in Xinjiang

作　　者：王升第 曹斌 郝建盛 孙文 周志伟 WANG Shengdi;CAO Bin;HAO Jiansheng;SUN Wen;ZHOU Zhiwei(Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER)/National Tibetan Plateau Data Center(TPDC),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics,Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430077,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境重点实验室/国家青藏高原科学数据中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430077 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2023年第2期435-445,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLGED2023-5-1);国家自然科学基金项目(42101134);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2023075);中国科学院特别研究助理项目资助。

摘　　要：在气候变暖背景下,土壤热状态的变化正对土壤中发生的物理、化学以及微生物过程起着至关重要的作用。土壤热状态通常由气温主导,并受到植被、积雪、土壤性质等局部因素控制。积雪改变了大气与土壤之间的能量交换,对冷季土壤热状态起到了决定性作用。本文基于新疆地区中国气象局77个观测站点逐日的积雪深度、气温、地表温度(土壤0 cm处)数据,利用统计分析与数值模拟方法,综合探究了新疆地区季节性积雪对土壤温度的影响,同时揭示了新疆地区积雪对土壤热状态影响的原理机制。结果表明,2005—2020年新疆地区77个气象站点冷季地表温度、气温、积雪深度、地气温差在空间上的分布具有一致性。2005—2020年稳定积雪站的冷季(10月—次年3月)平均雪深为5.9 cm,平均气温为-4.6℃,平均地表温度为-1.3℃。而非稳定积雪站平均气温为1.4℃,平均地表温度为2.4℃。地气温差受积雪深度的控制,积雪每增加1 cm,地气温差增加0.26℃。拟合结果显示,气温每增加1℃,当积雪深度为5 cm时,地表温度增加0.57℃;当积雪深度为30 cm时,地表温度增加0.20℃。进一步选取典型稳定积雪站阿勒泰站开展了2008年积雪年(2008年7月1日—2009年6月30日)的模拟试验,结果表明,当积雪密度从200 kg·m^(-3)增加至400 kg·m^(-3)时,积雪下方平均地表温度升高2.2℃;在保持2008年模拟时段积雪深度相同的情况下,降雪提前、降雪推迟、控制组三种情景的模拟结果显示,阿勒泰站2008年积雪期的平均地表温度分别为-2.7℃、-5.5℃、-3.6℃,表明降雪发生的时间越早,地表温度越高。Gound thermal regime plays a crucial role in the soil physical,chemical,and microbiological processes.The ground thermal regime is typically dominated by air temperature as well as local factors such as vegetation,snow cover,and soil properties.Snow cover controls the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the land and plays a decisive role in the ground thermal regime during the cold season.This study investigated the influences of seasonal snow cover on ground surface temperature in Xinjiang based on 77 stations from the China Meteorological Administration.Our results showed that the mean ground surface temperature was about -1.3℃ at stable seasonal snow-covered stations in the cold season during 2005—2020,while the mean snow depth was 5.9 cm,and the air temperature was -4.6℃.At unstable seasonal snow-covered stations,the mean air temperature was 1.4℃ and the ground surface temperature was 2.4℃.The numerical simulation results indicated that an increase in snow depth of 1 cm corresponds to an increase of 0.26℃ in surface offset.A change in air temperature of 1℃corresponds to a difference of ground surface temperature by 0.57℃ in the shallow snow zone(<5 cm)and by 0.20℃ in the thicker snow zone(>30 cm).Further simulation was carried out at a typical snow station during 2008-07-01—2009-06-30.The results indicated that the mean ground surface temperature below the snow increased by 2.2℃ as the snow density increased from 200 kg·m^(-3) to 400 kg·m^(-3).The mean ground surface temperature during the simulation period was -2.7℃,-5.5℃,and -3.6℃ for the three scenarios of the normal time series,while maintaining the same snow depth,early snowfall,and delayed snowfall.The results highlight the significant influences of snow duriation on the ground surface temperature.

关 键 词：地表温度 积雪 积雪保温效应 新疆 

分 类 号：P468.025[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]