超越田间生产的农业产业链条与中国农业分工发展  

Agricultural Production Chain beyond Farm Land Production and the Evolution of Agricultural Division of Labor in China

作　　者：陈奕山 CHEN Yishan

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院/广东省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心中山大学基地,广州510275

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期70-81,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：改革开放初期恢复农业家庭经营的重要理由是将农业田间生产过程交由家庭完成更有效率,但当下农业田间生产中的多主体分工并不罕见。本文基于分工的经济学经典定义即“环节分工”分析指出,如果单看农业田间生产过程,深化分工并不会显著提高产出效率,强制分工还可能抑制劳动产出效率;如果超越田间生产过程,从其与前、后端延伸环节的联系来看,农业产业链条延伸与分工深化客观存在也有利于提高产出效率。现实中随着承包户越来越多参与非农就业并退出各个田间生产环节,田间生产过程的分工趋于深化,同时,在市场化环境下弱势农户很难进入门槛较高的农业分工环节。未来中国农业深化分工既应着眼于提升产出效率、确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品供给,也不能忽视为弱势农户创造更充分的参与现代农业产业链条与分工的机会。In the early period of the opening up and reform,a critical rational to restore agricultural household operation system is that household can more effectively complete the whole process of farm land production.However,the division of labor in farm land production widely exists.Based on the classical economic definition of division of labor-“link division”,this paper argues that,on the one hand,if we keep focusing on farm land production,the division of labor is unnecessary for promoting production efficiency,and compulsory division of labor would rather harm efficiency,on the other hand,if we expand horizon to the whole process of modern production chain,the extending of production chain and division of labor result in production efficiency promotion.In fact,as more and more contracted land households quit agricultural production link while engaging in off-farm employment,the division of labor in farm land production is deepening,meanwhile,disadvantage households find it difficult to get into certain production link of higher added value.In the future,China should combine market-oriented reform with the principle of combination of centralization and decentralization,as to promote production efficiency and to create more opportunities for disadvantage households to take part in modern agricultural production chain.

关 键 词：分工 农业家庭经营 生产环节 农业产业链 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F320[经济管理—产业经济]