典型沼液养分特征及环境风险评价  

Nutrient Characteristics and Environmental Risk Assessment of Typical Biogas Slurry

作　　者：罗心雨 曹丁戈 刘婉岑 夏若涵 李国学[1] 罗文海[1] 崔文静 LUO Xinyu;CAO Dingge;LIU Wancen;XIA Ruohan;LI Guoxue;LUO Wenhai;CUI Wenjing(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]青岛农业大学人文社会科学学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国沼气》2023年第4期46-52,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：中国科学技术协会青年人才托举工程项目(YESS20200124)。

摘　　要：为了研究不同有机物料厌氧发酵产生的沼液中养分特征以及环境风险,选取7种典型有机废弃物源沼液进行对比,结果表明:尽管不同沼液的无机养分含量差异较大,但整体呈现总氮(TN)>总钾(TK)>总磷(TP)的趋势,总养分含量为1.2~11.5 g·L^(-1),中微量元素含量仅为84~2294 mg·L^(-1),远低于相关液态肥料标准(2~30 g),可进一步浓缩,实现高值利用。畜禽粪便原料的沼液比其他沼液的抗生素和重金属含量都高,但污染程度安全性评估风险系数均小于1,不具有环境风险。相比较而言,鸡粪沼液养分均衡,还富含9.7 mg·L^(-1)氨基酸,明显高于其他原料的沼液。尽管畜禽粪便沼液的重金属以及猪粪沼液的抗生素残留不具有环境风险,但是其较高的含量仍需要进一步消减控制,以保障沼液的安全肥料化利用。Biogas slurry from the anaerobic digestion of seven different organic wastes was collected to nutrient properties and environmental risks.Results showed that although inorganic nutrient contents in biogas slurry varied notably,in response to different organic wastes general profiles were as total nitrogen(TN)>total potassium(TK)>total phosphorus(TP),was overall contents of nutrients at 1.2~11.5 g·L^(-1),and trace-medium elements at only 84~2294 mg·L^(-1),which however,were lower than those required by relevant liquid fertilizer standards(i.e.2~30 g).Of all investigated organic wastes,biogas slurry from livestock manure contained much higher concentrations of antibiotics and heavy metals.Nevertheless the risk coefficient of pollution degree safety assessment was less than 1 for all samples,indicating their insignificant environmental risks.Compared to other organic wastes,chicken manure led to high quality biogas slurry with balanced nutrients and high abundance of amino acid at 9.7 mg L^(-1).It is noteworthy that although there remained insignificant environmental risks,heavy metals in biogas slurry of all livestock manures and antibiotics in that of swine manure should be further mitigated and or controlled to secure safe fertilization.

关 键 词：沼液 养分 抗生素 重金属 环境风险 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X705[农业科学—农业工程]