氮肥对稻米淀粉结构及理化性质影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Rice Starch

作　　者：王岩 王旺 蔡嘉鑫 曾鑫 倪新华 田洁 唐闯 景秀 周苗 王晶 徐昊 胡雅杰 邢志鹏 郭保卫 许轲 张洪程 WANG Yan;WANG Wang;CAI Jiaxin;ZENG Xin;NI Xinhua;TIAN Jie;TANG Chuang;JING Xiu;ZHOU Miao;WANG Jing;XU Hao;HU Yajie;XING Zhipeng;GUO Baowei;XU Ke;ZHANG Hongcheng(Yangtze River Basin Rice Technology Innovation Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Modern Industrial Technology Collaborative Creation Center of Grain Crops/Rice Industry Engineering Technology Research Institute/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Culture Physiology,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Youfang Town,Yangzhong,Jiangsu 212200,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Guangling District,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225006,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/水稻产业工程技术研究院/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省扬中市油坊镇农业农村局,江苏扬中212200 [3]江苏省扬州市广陵区农业农村局,江苏扬州225006

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第4期1-8,共8页China Rice

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(JATS2022485);镇江市“金山英才计划”产业强市领军人才引进计划项目;江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019319);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目。

摘　　要：淀粉作为稻米胚乳的主要组成部分,与稻米品质特别是蒸煮食味品质密切相关。合理施用氮肥可以优化稻米淀粉结构及理化特性,提高稻米品质和口感。本文梳理了前人在氮肥施用量及氮肥运筹比例对稻米淀粉结构、颗粒形态、颗粒大小、结晶度、有序度、热力学特性及糊化特性等理化性质影响的研究成果,以期从淀粉特性角度对水稻产量质量的氮肥调控提供理论基础。As the main component of rice endosperm,starch is closely related to rice quality,especially cooking and eating quality.Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer can optimize the structure and physicochemical properties of rice starch and improve rice quality and taste.This article summarized previous research results on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate and nitrogen fertilizer operation ratio on the physicochemical properties of rice starch,such as structure,particle morphology,particle size,crystallinity,degree of order,thermodynamic properties,and gelatinization properties,with a view to providing a theoretical basis for regulating the quality,yield,and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in rice from the perspective of starch properties.

关 键 词：水稻 施氮量 氮肥运筹 淀粉结构 理化特性 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]