秸秆还田与深施氮肥对水稻叶片生理特征、氮素利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Deep Placement Coupled with Straw Incorporation on Leaf Physiological Characteristics, Nitrogen Utilization, and Yield of Rice

作　　者：王兴为[1] 王志成 WANG Xingwei;WANG Zhicheng(Puyang Vocational and Technical College,Puyang,Henan 457000,China;School of Marxism,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]濮阳职业技术学院,河南濮阳457000 [2]武汉理工大学马克思主义学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第4期59-65,共7页China Rice

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(222400410310)。

摘　　要：以常规粳稻徐稻10号和新丰7号为材料,设置“深施氮肥+秸秆还田”(DS)、“土壤表层施氮+秸秆还田”(OS)、“深施氮肥+秸秆不还田”(DU)和“土壤表层施氮+秸秆还田”(OU)4个处理,以“不施氮肥+秸秆不还田”作为对照(CK),探索秸秆还田和深施氮肥对水稻剑叶生理特征、籽粒产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,DS、OS、DU、OU处理均在一定程度上提高了抽穗期剑叶的净光合速率(Pn)和PSII有效量子效率(Eq),同时提高了水稻干物质累积量和氮素累积量,其中均以DS处理效果最佳;与OU处理相比,抽穗期DS处理的剑叶氮代谢相关酶活性(GS、GOGAT、NR、GDH)显著增加;徐稻10号和新丰7号的籽粒产量DS处理比OU处理分别显著提高46.78%和45.65%。此外,DS处理的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮吸收效率以及氮收获指数在施氮处理中亦最高。以上结果表明,深施氮肥结合秸秆还田是提高河南地区水稻产量、氮肥利用效率的可行措施。Xudao 10 and Xinfeng 7 were used as materials,four treatments of DS(deep placement of N fertilizer combined with straw returning),OS(surface application of N fertilizer combined with straw returning),DU(deep placement of N fertilizer combined without straw returning)and OU(surface application of N fertilizer without straw returning)were set up,and no N fertilizer and no straw returning were used as controls(CK),the effects of straw returning and deep placement of N fertilizer on the flag leaves physiological characteristics,grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,DS,OS,DU and OU treatments all increased the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and PSII effective quantum efficiency(Eq)of flag leaves at heading stage to a certain extent,and increased the dry matter accumulation and N accumulation in rice,among which DS treatment had the best effect.Compared with OU treatment,DS treatment significantly increased nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities(GS,GOGAT,NR,GDH)in flag leaf at heading stage,and significantly increased the grain yield of Xudao 10 and Xinfeng 7 by 46.78%and 45.65%,respectively.In addition,the nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of DS treatment were also the highest among all N fertilization treatments.The above results indicated that deep placement of N fertilizer combined with straw returning is a feasible measure to improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Henan.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 深施氮肥 水稻 产量 氮肥利用效率 光合特征 

分 类 号：S511.05[农业科学—作物学]