某大型石油炼化企业工人职业紧张现状及其影响因素调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of occupational stress and its influencing factors among workers in a large petroleum refining and chemical enterprise

作　　者：柳善河 唐荟瑜 韩金珂 李彦芳 聂滢潭 李宾[2] 赵婵娟[1] 燕贞 LIU Shanhe;TANG Huiyu;HAN Jinke;LI Yanfang;NIE Yingtan;LI Bin;ZHAO Chanjuan;YAN Zhen(School of Public Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan 571199,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院公共卫生与全健康国际学院,海南海口571199 [2]海南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2023年第4期294-299,315,共7页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：海南省教育厅资助项目(Hnky2021ZD-17);海南省研究生创新科研课题(HYYS2020-19)。

摘　　要：目的了解石油炼化(以下简称石化)企业工人的职业紧张水平及其影响因素。方法通过多阶段整群抽样方法选取海南省某大型石化企业1037名工人作为调查对象,采用一般情况调查表、付出-回报失衡(Effort-reword Imbalance,ERI)问卷和工作内容问卷(Job Comtent Questionmaire,JCQ)评估工人职业紧张水平,采用二元logistic回归分析其职业紧张的影响因素。结果工人付出-回报失衡(ERI)模式高职业紧张和工作需求-自主(Job Demand-Control,JDC)模式高职业紧张检出率分别为43.7%(453/1037)、51.7%(536/1037),JDC模式高职业紧张检出率高于ERI模式(χ^(2)=16.760,P<0.01)。年龄为40~50岁(OR=2.541,95%CI:1.020~6.325,P=0.045)、加班(OR=3.991,95%CI:2.848~5.593,P<0.01)、工作强度重/极重(OR=1.858,95%CI:1.234~2.798,P<0.01)、苯接触史(OR=1.378,95%CI:1.045~1.818,P=0.023)是ERI模式高职业紧张的危险因素,常白班(OR=0.658,95%CI:0.495~0.874,P<0.01)是ERI模式高职业紧张的保护因素。加班(OR=1.362,95%CI:1.033~1.795,P=0.031)、工作强度重/极重(OR=1.625,95%CI:1.140~2.212,P=0.012)是JDC模式高职业紧张的危险因素。结论该大型石化企业工人职业紧张水平较高,建议企业适度减轻工人工作负担,合理安排工作时间,以降低石化工人职业紧张感,保护石化工人的身心健康。Objective To understand the occupational stress level and its influencing factors among workers in petroleum refining and chemical enterprise.Methods A total of 1037 petrochemical workers were selected by multistage random cluster sampling method.Occupational stress level was assessed by the general questionnaire,the EffortReward Imbalance(ERI)Questionnaire and the Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ).The influence factors of occupational stress were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results The prevalence rates of high occupational stress in ERI model and(JDC)model were 43.7%(453/1037)and 51.7%(536/1037)respectively.The prevalence rate of high occupational stress in JDC model was higher than that in ERI model(χ^(2)=16.760,P0.01).Age 40-50 years old(OR=2.541,95%CI:1.020-6.325,P=0.045),overtime work(OR=3.991,95%CI:2.848-5.593,P0.01),heavy work intensity(OR=1.858,95%CI:1.234-2.798,P0.01),benzene exposure(OR=1.378,95%CI:1.045-1.818,P=0.023)were the risk factors of high occupational stress in ERI model,and regular day shift(OR=0.658,95%CI:0.495-0.874,P0.01)was protective factor of high occupational stress in ERI model.Overtime work(OR=1.362,95%CI:1.033-1.795,P=0.031),heavy workload(OR=1.625,95%CI:1.140-2.212,P=0.012)intensity were risk factors of high occupational stress in JDC model.Conclusion The occupational stress among workers in large petrochemical enterprises in Hainan Province is relatively high.It is suggested that the enterprises should moderately reduce their work burden and arrange their working hours reasonably to reduce the occupational stress and improve their physical and mental health of petrochemical workers.

关 键 词：石化工人 职业紧张 付出-回报失衡 工作需求-自主 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]