噪声作业人员职业禁忌证问题的调查分析  

Analysis of occupational contraindications detected in noise-exposed workers

作　　者：陈允菊 季晓庆 张萍 CHEN Yunju;JI Xiaoqing;ZHANG Ping(Health management center,Nanjing occupation disease prevention and treatment hospital,Jiangsu210042,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市职业病防治院健康管理中心,江苏210042

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2023年第4期305-309,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(YKK18182)。

摘　　要：目的分析2012-2018年本院职业健康检查中检出的噪声作业人员职业禁忌证的分布与构成情况,为预防职业性噪声聋和《职业健康监护技术规范》的修订提供科学依据。方法以2012-2018年在本院进行职业健康检查的81019名噪声作业人员为研究对象,对其中检出的2258名噪声职业禁忌证者,按不同年份、不同职业健康检查类型、不同性别的噪声职业禁忌证检出率进行统计分析。结果噪声职业禁忌证的检出率男性(2.84%)高于女性(1.45%)(χ^(2)=66.570,P<0.05),上岗前(3.90%)高于在岗期间(2.63%)(χ^(2)=51.15,P<0.05);实施GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》,删除“双耳高频(3000、4000、6000 Hz)平均听阈≥40 dB”(以下简称双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB)作为职业禁忌证条款后,在岗期间噪声职业禁忌证检出率降低。结论GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》在岗期间噪声作业人员职业禁忌证条款有待完善,建议将“双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB”作为在岗期间噪声作业人员的职业禁忌条款,减少职业性噪声聋的发生,达到职业健康监护的目的。Objective To analyze the distribution and composition of occupational contraindications for noiseexposed workers detected during occupational health examination in our hospital from 2012 to 2018,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of occupational noise deafness and the revision of Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance.Methods A total of 2258 people with occupational contraindications detected from 81019 noiseexposed workers during the occupational health examination in our hospital from 2012 to 2018 were selected as the research objects.The detection rates of occupational contraindications for noise were statistically analyzed between groups with different exposure years,different occupational health examination types and different genders.Results The detection rate of occupational noise contraindication was higher in male(2.84%)than that in female(1.45%)(χ^(2)=66.57,P0.05)and higher in employed before(3.90%)than in employed(2.63%)(χ^(2)=51.15,P0.05).After the implementation of GBZ 188-2014 Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance,“Binaural high frequency(3000,4000,6000 Hz)average hearing threshold≥40 dB”(hereinafter referred to as binaural high frequency average hearing threshold≥40 dB)was deleted as occupational contraindication clause,the detection rate of occupational contraindications of workers on-the-jobs decreased significantly.Conclusion The occupational contraindications for on-the-job noise-exposed workers in GBZ188-2014 Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance need to be improved.It is suggested that“binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold≥40 dB”should be taken as an occupational contraindication clause for the noise-exposed workers who are currently on the job,in order to reduce occupational noise deafness,and to achieve the purpose of occupational health surveillance.

关 键 词：职业禁忌证 职业健康检查 噪声作业人员 双耳高频平均听阈 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]