电镀行业职业病危害的现场干预效果  

The effect of field intervention on occupational hazard in electroplating industry

作　　者：李昌千 胡国辉 LI Changqian;HU Guohui(Anshan Iron&Steel Occupational Safety and Health Services,Anshan,Liaoning 430031,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]鞍山钢铁劳研所科技有限公司,辽宁鞍山114031 [2]辽阳市卫生健康服务中心

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2023年第4期325-327,337,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的通过对电镀行业职业病危害的现场干预,对比干预前后效果,为电镀行业的职业卫生管理提供依据。方法以同批50例工作人员作为研究对象,以“是否实施改良的现场干预方案”为分组依据,将研究对象分为实验组和对照组。采用回顾性分析,对比两组职业卫生管理、工程控制、应急救援、个人防护领域的管理合格率,硫酸、盐酸、甲苯、二甲苯、三聚乙酸的风险水平,两组工人职业健康检查结果及对现场干预的满意度。结果实验组独立卫生管理、专职管理、三氯乙酸管理、警示标识、无氰化电镀、工作间通风、制造废弃物处置、药物等救援物资储备、防护用具配置、防护用具使用合格率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.00、13.31、16.84、20.48、14.04、17.65、14.94、11.11、13.64、8.58,P<0.05)。硫酸、二甲苯为低风险有害物质,甲苯为中风险有害物质,盐酸、三聚乙酸为高风险有害物质。实验组血压(84.0%)、心电图(86.0%)、血小板(92.0%)、白细胞(86.0%)、肝功能(74.0%)、肺功能(72.0%)、肾功能(84.0%)、鼻中隔弯曲肥厚(78.0%)、鼻黏膜充血糜烂职业健康检查正常率(80.0%)高于对照组,无头痛头晕(86.0%)、无恶心呕吐(88.0%)、无全身乏力(92.0%)、无咳嗽咳痰症状的患者占比(90.0%)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.14、7.48、10.19、5.48、7.10、6.00、4.32、4.60、7.64、8.57、6.83、10.19、7.29,P<0.05)。实验组工人对现场干预的满意度为90%,高于对照组(90.0%比66.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.39,P<0.05)。结论科学的现场干预能够有效减少职业病的发生风险。Objective To summarize the effects of on-site intervention on the occupational hazard in the electroplating industry.Methods A total of 50 working staffs from the same batch were investigated and divided into experiment group and control grourespectlyby implementing the modified on-site intervention measures or nothe differences between experiment group and control groupfrom the following aspects:qualified management rates of occupational health management,engineering control,emergency rescue and individual protection;workers'physical examination conditions;workers'satisfaction about on-site interventionhe risk levels of sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid,methylbenzene,xylene and paraldehyde.Results In the electroplating industry,sulfuric acid and xylene were ranked at the low-risk level,methylbenzene at the moderate-risk level,hydrochloric acid and paraldehyde at the high-risk levelThe qualified management rates of occupational health management,engineering control,emergency rescue and individual protection in the experimental group were highercontrol group,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.00,13.31,16.84,20.48,14.04,17.65,14.94,11.11,13.64,8.58,P0.05).The normal rates of blood pressure,electrocardiogram,blood platelet,leukocyte,liver function,lung function,renal function,deviation and thickness of nasal septum and nasal mucosal congestion and erosion in the experimental group were higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.14,7.48,10.19,5.48,7.10,6.00,4.32,4.60,7.64,8.57,6.83,10.19,7.29,P0.05).The proportions of patients with headache,dizziness,nausea,vomiting,weakness,cough and expectoration in the experimental group were lower than control group,the differences were statistically significan(tχ^(2)=8.39,P0.05).The workers'satisfaction about on-site intervention in the experimental group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The scientific onsite interventions can reduce the occupational hazard e

关 键 词：电镀行业 职业病 现场干预 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]