CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑技术在果树育种中的应用  

Application of CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing Technology in Fruit Trees Breeding

作　　者：倪海枝[1] 王引[1] 王平[1] 程玉芳 颜帮国 陈方永[1] NI Hai-Zhi;WANG Yin;WANG Ping;CHENG Yu-Fang;YAN Bang-Guo;CHEN Fang-Yong(Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 318026,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省柑橘研究所,台州318026

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2023年第8期1730-1746,共17页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省农业科学院学科建设项目([2018]8号)。

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas系统的出现使植物基因组编辑进入了基因精准编辑的新时代。CRISPR/Cas系统已成功应用于多个果树物种。育种研究统计发现,研究者利用CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑技术编辑了大约45个果树基因,主要用于增强抗病性、延长货架期、提早开花、树形矮化体和增加分枝数等方面的研究。目前,果树基因组编辑大多为CRISPR/Cas9系统产生的插入/缺失突变,导入方式主要为农杆菌(Agrobacterium)介导的稳定转化方式,外源基因的瞬时转化体系少有研究,主要是因为大多数果树中转化效率低限制了其应用。本文概述CRISPR/Cas系统及其相关技术,介绍CRISPR/Cas表达载体系统进入植物基因组中的导入方法,并综述CRISPR/Cas系统在果树研究中的应用情况,分析了存在的问题并对其应用前景进行了展望。本文为果树基因功能研究及分子育种研究工作提供参考。With the advent of CRISPR/Cas system,plant genome editing has entered a new era of precise editing for any genes of interest.The CRISPR/Cas toolkits have been successfully tested on a wide variety of fruit tree species.According to the statistics of breeding research,researchers have edited about 45 fruit tree genes by CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology,which were mainly used to enhance disease resistance,prolong shelf-time,early flowering,tree dwarf and increase shoot branching.However,the fruit tree genome editing still relies mostly on Cas9-based indel mutation and Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation.Transient transformation for transgene-free genome editing is preferred,but it typically has very low efficiency in fruit trees,substantially limiting its potential utility.In this review,the CRISPR/Cas system and its related technologies were summarized,and then we introduced the delivery methods of the CRISPR/Cas expression vector into plant genome and the current status of fruit tree genome editing practices using the CRISPR/Cas system,and discussed the problems impeding the efficient application of the CRISPR/Cas toolkits for fruit trees genome editing,as well as future prospects.This review provides reference for research on gene function and molecular breeding of fruit trees.

关 键 词：基因组编辑 CRISPR/Cas系统 果树 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S6[农业科学—园艺学]