“想象的实在”:中国近代报业托拉斯观念的学术考察  

Imaginary Reality:The Concept of News Trust for Newspaper Industry in Contemporary China

作　　者：王琦 周光明[1] WANG Qi;ZHOU Guang-ming(School of Journalism and Communication,Wuhan University of China,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学新闻与传播学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《编辑之友》2023年第7期89-96,共8页Editorial Friend

基　　金：教育部规划基金项目“晚清媒介形态史研究(1895—1911)”(20JYA860022)。

摘　　要：中国近代新闻学界对报业托拉斯的认识主要基于国外相关情形的一种想象,直到1929年史量才收购《新闻报》股权事件为此增添了现实与本土的维度,才使报业托拉斯成为“想象的实在”。与之相伴生的是托拉斯化概念,表示中国报业正有沿着营业本位走向托拉斯的趋势,而报业托拉斯则因对公共利益有损害、加剧报纸低俗化倾向、异化新闻记者的劳动等被认为是近代报业“必至”的“危机”。托拉斯化在托拉斯与资本化、商业化、营业本位间,建立起目的地与通路的逻辑连接。出于对目的地危害的担忧,中国新闻学者对“通路”也多转向批判态度。因此,新闻界积极探讨报业发展的新路径,“公有说”“社会本位说”及中国式新闻学等构想的出现,与当时的世界态势及涌动的社会思潮密切相关。In contemporary Chinese journalism academia,the understanding of the news trust was mainly based on the imagination of relevant foreign situations.It was not until 1929 that Shi Liangcai purchased the Press News and the relevant shareholding issues created the real and local dimension,making the news trust an"imaginary reality".It was accompanied by the concept of trustization,which indicated that China's newspaper industry was moving towards trust along the business standard.However,news trust was regarded as an"inevitable crisis"of contemporary newspaper industry,due to the damage to public interests,the aggravation of the tendency of newspaper vulgarization and the alienation of journalists'labor.Trustization established the logical connection of"destination"and"pathway"between news trust and capitalization,commercialization as well as business orientation.Due to the concern about the harm of"destination",Chinese journalists tended to take a critical attitude towards"pathway".As a result,a flurry of actively finding new pathways to develop newspapers industry appeared.The emergence of ideas such as"public ownership","socially based"and"Chinese style journalism"was closely related to the world situation and surging ideological trend at that time.

关 键 词：报业托拉斯 “想象的实在” 托拉斯化 中国式理想报业 

分 类 号：G230[文化科学]