论机动车融资租赁交易的法律构造  

The Legal Structure of Motor Vehicle Financial Leasing Transactions

作　　者：高圣平[1] Gao Shengping

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2023年第4期115-128,共14页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(22BFX071)“民法典动产担保交易规则的规范构造与解释适用研究”。

摘　　要：机动车融资租赁交易无法在动产融资统一登记公示系统和机动车登记系统中登记。实践中采取的变通做法是,将机动车登记于承租人名下但同时为出租人办理抵押登记。这一形式抵押登记属于《民法典》第745条所称的“登记”,仅具声明登记意义,以阻断第三人善意的方式保护出租人就租赁物的所有权,但并不表明出租人就标的机动车取得了抵押权。机动车售后回租交易如兼具“融资”与“融物”属性,则属于融资租赁交易,形式抵押登记的存在并不能改变机动车售后回租交易的定性。即使存在形式抵押登记,出租人的权利实现也不是行使抵押权,而仍应遵行《民法典》第752条和相关司法解释确立的规则。在融资租赁交易的担保功能化之下,出租人就标的机动车的所有权具有非典型担保物权的性质,出租人在主张租金债权之时自可同时主张就标的机动车优先受偿。这一权利实现规则亦可适用于《民法典》实施之前的融资租赁交易所引起的纠纷。The financial leasing transactions of motor vehicles cannot be registered in the unified public registration system for movables financing and motor vehicle registration system.In practice,an alternative approach is to register the ownership of the motor vehicle in the name of the lessee but at the same time register a mortgage for the lessor.This formal mortgage registration belongs to the"registration"referred to in Article 745 of the Civil Code,which only has the meaning of notice filing to protect the lessor's ownership of the leased property by blocking bona fides of third parties,but does not indicate that the lessor has acquired a mortgage right on the subject motor vehicle.The sale and leaseback transaction of a motor vehicle should be a financial leasing transaction if it has the attributes of both"financing"and"asset-based financing".The existence of a formal mortgage registration does not change the quality of the sale and leaseback transaction of a motor vehicle.Even if a formal mortgage registration exists,the lessor's right is not to exercise the mortgage right,but to follow the rules established by Article 752 of the Civil Code and relevant judicial interpretations.Under the functionalization of financial leasing transactions,the lessor's ownership of the subject motor vehicle has the nature of an atypical security right,and the lessor can claim priority in payment for the subject motor vehicle at the same time when claiming the rental claim.This realization rule of right can also be applied to the disputes caused by financial leasing transactions before the implementation of the Civil Code.

关 键 词：融资租赁交易 功能主义 售后回租 形式抵押登记 权利实现规则 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]