论教育惩戒权的二元三重结构  

On the Dual Subject and Triple Level Structure of Disciplinary Power in Education

作　　者：陈斯彬 Chen Sibin

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学法学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2023年第4期192-200,共9页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：将教育惩戒权一刀切归入行政权力或民事权利,忽略了教育惩戒权的内在复杂性。从行政法角度看,尤其要警惕特别权力关系理论的片面性,它概括推定教育管理都属于行政法律关系。与之相反,法律法规授权理论则依据法律法规规定逐项筛选出行政权力。在后一种理论指导下可以发现教育惩戒权具有教师和学校两元主体并具备三重结构:教师惩戒权、学校自有惩戒权、学校被授惩戒权。三种惩戒权有不同的立法途径。教师惩戒权属于教师教学自由的范畴,以民事责任为限。学校自有惩戒权包含在学校办学自由之中,但具有行政权力的表象,亦应借鉴行政控权的原则加以控制,虽然其产生的是民事责任。学校被授惩戒权属于行政权力。One-size-fits-all classification of educational disciplinary powers into administrative powers or civil rights ignores the inherent complexity of educational disciplinary powers.From the perspective of administrative law,it is especially necessary to be alert to the one-sidedness of the special power relationship theory,which generally presumes that education management is an administrative law relationship.In contrast,the theory of empowerment of laws and regulations selects administrative powers item by item according to the provisions of laws and regulations.Under the guidance of the latter theory,it can be found that the educational disciplinary power has dual main bodies of teachers and schools and has a triple structure:teachers'disciplinary power,the school's own disciplinary power,and the school's authorized disciplinary power.There are different legislative approaches to the three kinds of disciplinary powers.The right of teachers'punishment belongs to the category of teachers'teaching freedom,which is limited to civil liability.The school's own disciplinary power is included in the school running freedom,but it has the appearance of administrative power,which should also be controlled by referring to the principle of administrative control power,although it produces civil liability.The disciplinary power of the school belongs to the administrative power.

关 键 词：教育惩戒权 特别权力关系 法律法规授权组织 

分 类 号：D911.01[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]