行政检察客体之辩  

Debates on the Object of Administrative Prosecution

作　　者：徐汉明[1] XU Hanming

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学国家治理学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2023年第4期1-16,共16页Law Review

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题重大项目“检察机关落实习近平法治思想研究”(编号:GJ2021A01);司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目重点课题“习近平法治思想对推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大指导作用研究”(编号:21SFB1002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：围绕行政检察客体的理论争鸣,理论界与实务界对是否赋予检察机关“一般监督权”“参与一切行政诉讼”存废、检察机关对行政诉讼活动实施监督范围与职权、建立检察机关在履行职责中发现行政机关违法行使职权或者不行使职权的行为督促其纠正能否作为基本职能予以法律化展开争论。新时代行政检察客体制度化之结构体系表现在:对行政审判活动、生效行政判决裁定、行政判决裁定执行、非诉讼执行裁定、行政审判人员与行政执行人员违法行为、行政起诉、受理活动实施专门监督的制度化;对赋予专门提起行政公益诉讼职能和对违法行政行为实施专门监督由政治抉择到立法选择的制度化。行政检察客体规范遵循之路径选择包括,“法律监督”权力谱系下行政检察权能结构的制度逻辑表达;准确界分行政检察客体与国家监察全覆盖监督之客体;补强行政检察创新发展之短板。Theoretical debate on the object of administrative prosecution exists.The theoretical and practical circles argue about whether to grant the procuratorial organs"general supervision power",the abolition and the preservation of"participation in all administrative litigation",procuratorial organs implement the scope and power of supervision over administrative proceedings,and the establishment of the procuratorial organs to perform their duties.There is a debate on whether it can be legalized as a basic function to urge administrative organs to correct their illegal exercise of powers or non-exercise of powers.The institutionalized structural system of administrative procuratorial objects in the new era is manifested in the following aspects:administrative adjudication activities,effective administrative judgments and rulings,enforcement of administrative judgments and rulings,non-litigation enforcement rulings,illegal acts of administrative judges and administrative executors,administrative prosecution,and acceptance activities.Institutionalization of supervision;institutionalization from political choice to legislative choice for giving special administrative public interest litigation functions and carrying out special supervision on illegal administrative acts.The choice of paths to be followed by the standard of administrative procuratorial objects includes the institutional logic expression of the administrative procuratorial power structure under the power lineage of“legal supervision”,the accurate division of administrative procuratorial objects and the objects of full coverage of state supervision,and strengthening the shortcomings of administrative procuratorial innovation and development.

关 键 词：行政检察 客体 法律监督 国家监察 行政法制统一 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学] D925.3