考虑传统要素价格扭曲后的技术进步偏向测度  

A Measure of Biased Technical Change Considering Traditional Factor Price Distortions

作　　者：沈开艳[1] 韩定夺 SHEN Kai-yan;HAN Ding-duo(Institute of Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,200020)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院经济研究所,200020

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2023年第6期68-83,共16页Shanghai Journal of Economics

摘　　要：本文在考虑资本、劳动、土地三大传统要素价格扭曲的情况下对我国技术进步偏向进行了测度。本文利用2004-2017年间的省级面板数据,采用生产函数法测算各省劳动、资本、土地的价格绝对扭曲度及相对扭曲度。测算表明:样本期间内,我国劳动、资本、土地价格都低于其边际产出,价格存在负向扭曲,其中土地的价格负向扭曲最严重,其次是劳动,最后是资本;从时间维度来看,各要素的负向扭曲都呈改善趋势。表明我国的要素市场化改革在样本期间有所推进,但改革推进速度不同,资本市场化改革最快,劳动次之,土地市场化改革最慢。本文将要素价格扭曲引入到技术进步偏向的分析框架,通过数理分解,从理论上分析了要素价格绝对扭曲的变动对要素技术效率的变动的影响,以及要素价格相对扭曲度的变动对技术进步偏向的影响。进而将测算得到的要素价格扭曲度数据引入到标准化供给面系统法中,估计了我国各省的要素替代弹性,进而测算了样本期间各省份的资本、劳动、土地的技术效率及技术进步偏向指数。测算结果显示:样本期间,我国的要素替代弹性总体小于1,资本、劳动、土地间呈替代关系;劳动、土地的技术效率呈上升趋势,资本的技术效率呈下降趋势,技术进步在资本和劳动间偏向劳动,在土地和劳动间偏向劳动,在土地和资本间偏向资本。This paper measures the biased technical change in China by considering the price distortions of capital,labor,and land.Using provincial panel data from 2004 to 2017,this paper measures the absolute and relative price distortions of labor,capital,and land in each province using the production function method.The measurement shows that the prices of labor,capital,and land in China are lower than their marginal output during the sample period.There are negative price distortions,among which the negative price distortion of land is the most serious,followed by labor and finally capital;in terms of time dimension,the negative distortions of each factor show an improving trend.It indicates that China's factor market-oriented reform has advanced during the sample period,but the speed of reform advancement varies,with capital market-oriented reform being the fastest,followed by labor,and land market-oriented reform being the slowest.This paper introduces factor price distortions into the analytical framework of technical progress bias,and analyzes theoretically the impact of changes in absolute factor price distortions on changes in factor technical efficiency and the impact of changes in relative factor price distortions on biased technical change through mathematical decomposition.Then,the measured factor price distortions are introduced into the standardized supply-side system approach to estimate the factor elasticity of substitution in each province of China.Then the technical efficiency of capital,labor,and land and the bias index of technical change are measured for each province during the sample period.The measurement results show that:the factor elasticity of substitution in China is generally less than 1 during the sample period,showing a substitution relationship among capital,labor and land;the technical efficiency of labor and land shows an increasing trend,while the technical efficiency of capital shows a decreasing trend,showing that the technical progress is biased toward labor between capital and labor

关 键 词：传统生产要素 价格扭曲 替代弹性 技术效率 技术进步偏向 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]