杰克·伦敦“北疆”和“南海”小说中的土著人书写与帝国意识  

Jack London's Description of Natives and Imperial Consciousness in His Northland and South Sea Stories

作　　者：杨丽 Yang Li(College of Humanities and Foreign Languages,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学人文与外语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2023年第3期145-155,共11页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“杰克·伦敦‘北疆’和‘南海’小说中的帝国话语及政治意识研究”(19BWW046)。

摘　　要：“北疆”和“南海”是19世纪末20世纪初美国开拓的两个“新边疆”。杰克·伦敦以其为地理语境并作为主要取材背景的小说被称为“北疆小说”和“南海小说”。伦敦在“北疆”和“南海”小说中都有对土著人的书写。这些土著人在“北疆”小说中是当地的印第安人,在“南海”小说中主要是太平洋岛屿上的原居民。美国新边疆的开拓过程其实是对当地土著人进行殖民掠夺的过程。“北疆小说”大多是杰克·伦敦的早期作品,他的“白人优越论”与美国推崇的“天定命运论”极为契合,对土著人的书写映射了美国当时开拓“新边疆”的帝国思维,其帝国话语及政治意识是美国殖民霸图的文本再现。而“南海小说”大多是伦敦后期的作品,随着其思想的日渐成熟,政治意识也随之发生了转变,“南海小说”中对土著人的书写也变成了对美国殖民扩张的忧虑和反思。Northland and South Sea used to be the two frontiers exploited by America around the turn of the 20th century.Jack London's stories that draw materials from these two geographical contexts are called“Northland stories”and“South Sea stories,”in which there are a lot of descriptions of the indigenous people,namely,the Native Americans in Northland stories and the aborigines on the Pacific Islands in South Sea stories.The American cultivation of the frontiers is virtually the process of colonial plundering from the indigenous people.In the Northland stories,mostly written in London's early years,his idea of“white superiority”is a perfect echo of America's belief in Manifest Destiny.His description of the natives in Northland stories reflects the American imperial attitude toward its expansion of“new frontiers,”while his imperial discourse and political consciousness construct a textual representation of America's great ambition for colonization.However,his South Sea stories,mostly written in his late years,seems to have shifted in its political consciousness due to the maturity of his thoughts,and its description of the aborigines reveals London's concern and reflection regarding the colonial expansion of America.

关 键 词：杰克·伦敦 “北疆小说” “南海小说” 土著人书写 帝国意识 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]