强弱分蘖特性甘蔗品种的分蘖期光合产物分配差异  

Difference in Photosynthate Distribution of Sugarcane Varieties With Strong and Weak Tillering Characteristics

作　　者：周慧文 梁容真 邓宇驰 吴建明 闫海锋 丘立杭 ZHOU Huiwen;LIANG Rongzhen;DENG Yuchi;WU Jianming;YAN Haifeng;QIU Lihang(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Agricultural College of Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业部甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第8期1660-1667,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2019YFD1000503);广西自然基金重点项目(2021GXNSFDA196007);广西农业科学院面上项目(2020YM22);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队建设(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03)。

摘　　要：蔗茎是甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)收获的主要对象,由主苗和分蘖苗发育而来。分析不同分蘖特性甘蔗品种的光合产物同化和分配规律,有助于甘蔗高产栽培和合理群体结构的构建。本试验以分蘖力强的甘蔗品种桂糖49号(GT49)和分蘖力弱的甘蔗品种桂糖03-2112(GT03)为研究对象,在分蘖初期(T1)、分蘖盛期(T2)和分蘖末期(T3)利用^(13)C同位素标记甘蔗主苗功能叶,随后测定不同分蘖时期主苗与分蘖苗的δ^(13)C值、^(13)C分配比例和^(13)C浓度,并调查相关农艺性状和生理指标,分析甘蔗分蘖特性与光合同化能力和同化物分配动态的关系。结果表明,GT49的分蘖力明显强于GT03,表现为分蘖率和分蘖发生率均显著高于GT03,地下芽数显著低于GT03。同位素标记结果表明,^(13)C呈现出不同的分配规律:GT03的^(13)C自留量显著高于GT49,二者T1、T2、T3时期分配至分蘖苗的^(13)C分配比例分别为1.79%、9.98%、13.43%和14.26%、32.79%、19.39%,且差异达显著水平;但二者的^(13)C分配量无显著差异。相关性分析结果显示,在分蘖进程中,分蘖率和分蘖发生率与分蘖苗的分配比例呈显著或极显著正相关,且相关性系数在T2时最大。综上,GT49分蘖力强于GT03的原因与分蘖期功能叶的光合产物分配量和比例紧密相关,分蘖强的甘蔗品种具有更强的同化物分配能力以供其分蘖的生长发育。本研究结果为丰富甘蔗分蘖发生的生理生化机理提供了理论基础。The stem of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)is the most important harvesting object in the harvest,which is developed from the seedling and the tiller.A theoretical reference for high-yielding sugarcane cultivation and the construction of a reasonable population structure can be obtained by analyzing the photocontraction ability and assimilate distribution dynamics of sugarcane varieties with different tillering characteristics.Guitang 49(GT49)with strong tillering characteristics and Guitang 03-2112(GT03)with weak tillering characteristics,were used as research materials.At different tillering growth stages,including T1(tillering establishment stage),T2(beginning of tillering stage),and T3(full tillering stage),theδ^(13)C value,distribution ratio and ^(13)C-photoassimilates were measured by ^(13)C labelling,and the agronomic characteristics,relevant physiological index were also measured.The results showed that GT49 had a significantly higher tillering rate and a significantly higher tiller incidence rate than GT03,but the underground bud number of GT49 was significantly lower than that of GT03.The ^(13)C labelling results show that there were the different dynamics of ^(13)C distribution between varieties.The ^(13)C of self-retention in GT03 was significantly higher than that of GT49;the rate of ^(13)C distribution on tiller stems in T1,T2,and T3 was 1.79%,9.98%and 13.43%,respectively for GT03,and 14.26%,32.79%and 19.39%respectively for GT49.However,there was no significant difference in amount of ^(13)C-photoassimilates between GT49 and GT03.Correlation analysis showed that tiller rate had a significant positive correlation with the rate of ^(13)C distribution on tiller stems,and tillering incidence rate showed a positive correlation with the rate of ^(13)C distribution on tiller stems over the whole tiller stage,especially in T2.In conclusion,the reasons why the tillering characteristics of GT49 were stronger than that of GT03 were closely related to the amount of photoassimilates and the distribution rate o

关 键 词：甘蔗 分蘖特性 13C同化物 主苗 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]