内蒙古地区奶牛生鲜乳微生物污染状况及耐药性评估  

Microbial contamination status and drug resistance assessment of fresh cow milk in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

作　　者：钟华晨 王丽芳 郭晨阳 刘嘉琳 宋洁 ZHONG Huachen;WANG Lifang;GUO Chenyang;LIU Jialin;SONG Jie(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products(Hohhot)/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding and Quality Control of Livestock Products(Joint Construction by Ministry and Province)/Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences/Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Quality Safety and Testing,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(呼和浩特)/农业农村部草食家畜健康养殖与畜产品品质调控重点实验室(部省共建)/内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院/内蒙古自治区农牧业质量安全与检测研究所,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第13期18-22,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860663);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0029);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS03014);内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2020CXJJM12);奶牛疾病绿色防控技术应用示范项目(2022TG16)。

摘　　要：为了探明内蒙古地区奶牛生鲜乳中病原微生物污染状况及耐药风险隐患,试验采用形态学观察法、革兰氏染色法、16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定法,对从内蒙古地区4个规模化奶牛养殖场采集的73份生鲜乳样本进行细菌分离鉴定,同时针对生鲜乳中主要致病菌采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性研究。结果表明:从生鲜乳样本中共分离出25株致病菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌15株,分离率为20.55%;大肠杆菌7株,分离率为9.59%;无乳链球菌3株,分离率仅为4.11%。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药性最高,耐药率高达75.00%;对阿莫西林/克拉维酸和氨苄西林也存在明显的耐药性,耐药率分别为62.50%和50.00%。大肠杆菌对氨苄西林和头孢噻吩的耐药性最高,耐药率高达100%。说明内蒙古地区生鲜乳污染水平整体较低,但存在的微生物仍会带来潜在危害,且分离得到的主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌存在耐药现象。In order to investigate the contamination status of pathogenic microorganisms and the hidden dangers of drug resistance in fresh milk in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,in this experiment,morphological observation method,Gram staining method and 16S rDNA molecular biology identification method were used to isolate and identify the bacteria in 73 fresh milk samples collected from 4 large-scale dairy farms in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.At the same time,the drug susceptibility study was carried out by microbroth dilution method for the main pathogenic bacteria in fresh milk.The results showed that a total of 25 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fresh milk samples,including 15 strains of Staphylococcus aureus with a separation rate of 20.55%,7 strains of Escherichia coli with a separation rate of 9.59%,and 3 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae with the isolation rate of only 4.11%.Staphylococcus aureus had the highest resistance to penicillin,with a resistance rate of 75.00%;there was also obvious resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and ampicillin,with resistance rates of 62.50% and 50.00%,respectively.Escherichia coli had the highest resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin,with resistance rates as high as 100%.The results suggested that the contamination level of fresh milk in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was low overall,but the microorganisms presented still brought potential harm,and the isolated pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were drug resistant.

关 键 词：内蒙古 奶牛 生鲜乳 致病菌 分离鉴定 药敏试验 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]