雅砻江锦屏大河湾产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源现状  

Early-stage Resources of Drifting Egg Fishes in Jinping Bend,Lower Yalong River

作　　者：邵科[1] 胡兴坤 董微微 熊美华[1] 汪鄂洲 余丹 朱滨[1] SHAO Ke;HU Xing-kun;DONG Wei-wei;XIONG Mei-hua;WANG E-zhou;YU Dan;ZHU Bin(Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem,Ministry of Water Resources,Hubei Engineering Research Center of Hydroecology Protection and Restoration,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北省水生态保护与修复工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第6期1229-1237,共9页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：水利部三峡工程管理司三峡后续工作(12620200600020J005);三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统(21367032)。

摘　　要：于2019~2020年6~7月在雅砻江下游锦屏大河湾里庄江段开展鱼类早期资源调查。结果表明,调查期间共采集鱼类卵苗19种,其中产漂流性卵鱼类7种,5种为长江上游特有鱼类。产漂流性卵鱼类2019年和2020年产卵规模分别为103.07×10^(4)粒和388.58×10^(4)粒,主要产卵场自上而下分布在烟袋、南河-青纳和里庄等3个江段。与历史数据相比,锦屏大河湾产漂流性卵鱼类种类组成变化不大,均以中华金沙鳅和犁头鳅为主要繁殖种类,产卵规模有所降低,以圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈和长薄鳅等的减少较为明显,产卵行为仅零星发生。虽然受到梯级水电开发、过度捕捞和采砂挖金等多种因素的影响,作为雅砻江下游流程最长的流水河段,锦屏大河湾仍是多种鱼类产卵繁殖的重要分布区,产卵规模近年来呈逐渐上升趋势。建议进一步增加栖息地保护与修复、河流连通性恢复、优化生态调度等措施,促进该区域鱼类物种和生境多样性保护。This study conducted to investigate the status of early-stage fish resources in Jinping bend in the lower reaches of the Yalong River in 2019 and 2020.The results showed that there were 19 fish species in 4 families and 2 orders.Among these,7 species spawned drifting eggs,5 out of which were endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.These were Leptobotia elongata,Jinshaia sinensis,Jinshaia abbreviata,Sinibotia reevesae,and Coreius guichenoti.The number of fish eggs flowed through the Lizhuang section was estimated to be 103.07×10^(4)and 388.58×10^(4)in 2019 and 2020,respectively,and the dominant species were Jinshaia sinensis and Lepturichthys fimbriata.According to the analysis,there were many spawning sites of fish drifting upstream of the Lizhuang section,and the larger spawning grounds were mainly located in the Yandai,Nanhe-Qingna,and Lizhuang sections from upstream to downstream.Species composition of drifting fish eggs was similar to historical studies,but the spawning scale was on the decline,especially those river migratory fishes such as Leptobotia elongata,Coreius guichenoti and Rhinogobio ventralis,which spawned sporadically only in the present survey.Although affected by many factors such as hydropower cascade exploitation,overfishing,sand mining and gold digging,as the longest flowing section in the lower reaches of the Yalong River,the Jinping bend is still a crucial distribution area for breeding of many fishes,and the spawning scale has gradually increased in recent years.On the basis of existing protection measures,we suggested expanding the scope of the existing reserve to protect the fish spawning habitats,restoring river connectivity to meet the demand of migration,and optimizing ecological operation,to effectively protect fish resources in Jinping bend of the lower Yalong River.

关 键 词：雅砻江 锦屏大河湾 梯级开发 漂流性卵 减水河段 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]