基于潜剖面分析的高血压患者自我管理类型及对血压的影响  

Evaluating self-management types in hypertensive patients and their effect on blood pressure using latent profile analysis

作　　者：陈平 巩俐彤[2] 孙昕霙[1] CHEN Ping;GONG Litong;SUN Xinying(Department of Social Medicine and Health Education,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China;Office of Daxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京100191 [2]北京市大兴区疾病预防控制中心办公室,北京102600

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2023年第6期668-672,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(7202087)。

摘　　要：目的探究高血压患者的自我管理类型、血压控制现状及二者之间的关系。方法选取北京市大兴区的高血压患者作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查和身体检查。采用潜剖面分析探究高血压患者的自我管理类型,采用一般线性回归探究其与血压水平的关系,采用χ^(2)检验探究自我管理类型的特征。结果共纳入高血压患者1260名,其自我管理类型可以分为消极管理(21.98%)、积极生活方式管理(9.68%)、积极药物管理(32.22%)、全面积极管理(36.12%)4类。相比于消极管理型,全面积极管理的患者SBP水平降低(β=-4.948,t=-2.098,P=0.012)。男性、文化程度在小学及以下的、年龄在35岁及以下的患者更倾向为消极管理型。结论根据生活方式管理、药物管理行为的不同,高血压患者自我管理类型可以分成4类。全面积极管理的患者SBP水平低于消极管理型,未来对于高血压患者的管理应注重依需求提升患者自我管理能力。Objective This study aims to identify the types of self-management employed by hypertensive patients,to assess their blood pressure control status,and to examine the relationship between the two.Methods A questionnaire survey and physical examinations were administered to hypertensive patients from the Daxing District in Beijing.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the self-management types.General linear regression was used to investigate the relationships between self-management types and blood pressure levels.Chi-square tests were used to examine the characteristics of self-management types.Results A total of 1260 patients with hypertension were included in this study.Their self-management types could be categorized into four types:negative management(21.98%),lifestyle-positive management(9.68%),medication-positive management(32.22%)and comprehensive-positively management(36.12%).Compared with negative management type,the level of SBP in patients with comprehensive-positively management was significantly lower(β=-4.948,t=-2.098,P=0.012).Male patients,those with education below primary school level,and individuals under 35 years of age showed a tendency toward negative management practices.Conclusions According to different behaviors in lifestyle management and medication-taking,the self-management types of patients with hypertension can be divided into four types.Notably,the SBP levels in patients utilizing comprehensive-positive management were significantly lower compared to those following negative management practices.Future efforts should concentrate on enhancing patients′self-management capabilities according to their specific needs.

关 键 词：高血压患者 自我管理类型 潜剖面分析 血压水平 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]