高寒地区人工草地演替对牧草品质的影响  

Effects of Succession of Artificial Grassland on Forage Quality in Alpine Region

作　　者：赵敏 马录花 孟宪超 李以康[2] 周华坤[2] ZHAO Min;MA Lu-hua;MENG Xian-chao;LI Yi-kang;ZHOU Hua-kun(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology CAS,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第7期2155-2161,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)资助(XDA26020201);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);中国科学院青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08)资助。

摘　　要：为探究人工草地演替对可食牧草营养品质的影响,本研究依据群落变化的特点选取建植3年(AP3)、5年(AP5)、7年(AP7)和12年(AP12)人工草地为对象,探索了人工草地演替中土壤、群落与牧草品质的关系。结果表明:土壤pH随人工草地演替逐渐增大,土壤含水量下降,速效钾含量显著降低(P<0.05),铵态氮含量显著上升(P<0.05);牧草粗灰分显著降低(P<0.05),莎草科植物生物量和牧草中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量极显著相关(P<0.01),可食杂类草生物量和牧草粗蛋白含量显著正相关(P<0.05);人工草地演替过程中,群落结构和功能群比例明显改变,禾本科、莎草科和杂类草生物量占比显著改变(P<0.05),从0.44%,1.03%和98.53%到44.54%,7.87%和37.29%;人工草地演替中,单一禾草群落逐渐被莎草和杂类草取代,群落功能群变化导致牧草品质改变,粗蛋白较高的可食杂类草比重增加有效改善了人工草地牧草营养状况。To explore the impact of artificial grassland succession on the nutritional quality of edible forage,artificial grasslands with 3-year-old since established(AP3),5-year-old(AP5),7-year-old(AP7),and 12-year-old(AP12)were selected as research objects based on the characteristics of community changes,and the relationship between soil,community,and forage quality in artificial grassland succession was explored.The results showed that soil pH gradually increased with the succession of artificial grassland,soil moisture and available potassium content significantly decreased(P<0.05),but the ammonium nitrogen content significantly increased(P<0.05).The crude ash content of forage significantly decreased(P<0.05),the biomass of sedge plants was highly correlated with the content of neutral and acidic detergent fibers in forage(P<0.01),and the content of crude protein in forage was significantly positively correlated with the biomass of edible forbes(P<0.05);During the succession of artificial grassland,the community structure and proportion of functional groups significantly changed,with the significant changes of the biomass of grasses,sedges,and forbes(P<0.05),ranging from 0.44%,1.03%,and 98.53%to 44.54%,7.87%,and 37.29%,respectively.In the succession of artificial grasslands,single grass communities were gradually replaced by the communities of sedges and forbes,and changes in community functional groups lead to changes in forage quality.The increase in the proportion of edible forbes with high crude protein effectively improved the nutritional status of artificial grasslands.

关 键 词：人工草地 牧草营养 群落结构 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S431.14[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]