长江源和黄河源区草地牧草养分、理论承载力及饲用价值  

Nutritional Condition,Theoretical Carrying Capacity and Feed Value of Alpine Grasslands in the Headwater Regions of the Yangtze River and Yellow River

作　　者：陈懂懂[1,2,3] 李奇 霍莉莉[4] 陈昕[5] 贺福全 张莉 舒敏 张煜坤 赵亮[1,2,3] CHEN Dong-dong;LI Qi;HUO Li-li;CHEN Xin;HE Fu-quan;ZHANG Li;SHU Min;ZHANG Yu-kun;ZHAO Liang(Institute of Sanjiangyuan National Park,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;Qinghai Lake Protection and Utilization Administration Bureau of Qinghai Province,Xining,Qinghai Province 810000,China;Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院三江源国家公园研究院,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]青海三江源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,青海西宁810008 [4]青海省青海湖景区保护利用管理局,青海西宁810000 [5]中央民族大学,北京100081 [6]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第7期2186-2193,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);青海省基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-761);青海省“中青年人才托举”工程项目;科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100705)资助。

摘　　要：本研究通过对长江源区和黄河源区天然草地的实地调查取样及对牧草概略养分的测定,估算了区域内草地产草量、理论载畜量、能值及牧草饲用价值。结果显示:草地可食牧草比例在73%~85%之间,表明研究区高寒草地牧草可食性较好;牧草粗蛋白平均含量在10%~13%之间,粗脂肪含量处于1.5%~2%之间,酸性洗涤纤维含量低于30%,牧草饲喂价值均在120以上,表明研究区天然牧草的营养质量及饲喂价值均较好;基于草地产草量,以及对草地的合理利用,建议两源区高寒草甸放牧强度为1.27羊单位·ha^(-1),高寒草原为0.54羊单位·ha^(-1)。综合而言,黄河源区牧草产量高于长江源区,而长江源区牧草营养及饲喂价值高于黄河源区。就草地类型而言,高寒草甸在草产量、品质及其饲喂价值上均优于高寒草原。建议在牧区应根据实际情况,区分草地类型合理安排放牧强度,以保证天然草地的可持续利用。Based on the field survey and sampling of the natural grasslands in the headwater regions of the Yangtze River(CJY)and the Yellow River(HHY),and through the determination of the proximate nutrients of the alpine grasslands,the forage yield,the theoretical carrying capacity of the alpine grasslands,the energy value and the feeding value of forage in the region were estimated.The results showed that the proportion of edible forage in the study area is 73%~85%,indicating that the alpine grasslands in the two regions have a large number of edible forage with better edibility.The average content of crude protein in herbage was 10%~13%,the crude fat 1.5%~2%,the acid detergent fiber lower than 30%,and the forage relative feed value was>120,indicating that the nutritional quality and the feed value of natural herbage in the study area is in good class.The grazing intensity of the alpine meadow in the study area is 1.27 sheep units·ha^(-1),and that of the alpine steppe is 0.54 sheep units·ha^(-1),based on the forage yield and reasonable utilization of grasslands.Conclusion:The forage yield in the HHY was higher than that in the CJY,while the forage nutrition and feed value in the CJY were higher than those in the HHY.In terms of grassland type,the alpine meadow was superior to the alpine steppe in forage yield,quality,and feed value.In the study area,the grazing intensity should be reasonably arranged according to the actual situation,such as grassland types,to ensure the sustainable use of those natural grasslands.

关 键 词：三江源 草地载畜量 牧草养分 饲用价值 

分 类 号：S816.11[农业科学—饲料科学]