仿生分拨草防堵装置的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of bionic shifting and diffluence straw anti-blocking device

作　　者：朱惠斌[1] 张旭 洪洋 白丽珍[1] 赵浩然 马世骜 ZHU Huibin;ZHANG Xu;HONG Yang;BAI Lizhen;ZHAO Haoran;MA Shiao(Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第4期318-328,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52265033,51865022)。

摘　　要：针对我国西南地区小麦秸秆覆盖地玉米免耕播种机内被动式清秸防堵装置作业时存在的易缠绕堵塞、种沟清秸率低、作业不稳定等问题,基于仿生学原理,以白星花金龟前后肢轮廓曲线及后肢运动轨迹曲线为仿生原型,设计了一种高清秸率、不易堵塞的仿生分拨草防堵装置。通过运动学分析,研究了关键结构参数对清秸防堵效果的影响规律,并得出最优参数组合:拨草轮运动偏角δ为30°,轮盘直径D为204 mm,拨草轮爪数量N为13个;利用Design-Expert软件和Box-Behnken试验优化设计方法,建立了拨草轮入土深度(A)、机具前进速度(B)、分草挡板偏角(C)与清秸率Y的回归数学模型,分析表明三因素对清秸率均有显著影响,且显著性C>B>A,经过优化求解获得了最优作业参数组合:拨草轮入土深度T为11 mm、机具前进速度v为4 km·h^(-1),分草挡板偏角α为35°。田间验证试验表明,整机的通过性良好,土壤扰动量及其变异系数分别为20.00%和5.30%,实际秸秆清除率及其变异系数分别为90.58%和1.20%,作业质量稳定,符合免耕播种机作业的农艺和技术要求。In the wheat straw covered land in Southwest China,the passive straw cleaning and anti-blocking device on the corn no tillage planter is prone to some problems during operation,such as winding and blocking,low straw cleaning rate in the seed ditch,and low operational stability.Based on the principle of bionics,the contour curve of the front and rear limbs and the movement trajectory curve of the rear limbs of the Potosia brevitarsis were taken as the bionic prototype.A bionic shifting and diffluence straw anti-blocking device was designed.Through kinematics analysis,the influence law of key structural parameters on straw cleaning and anti-blocking effect was studied.It was determined that the movement deflection angle of the grass wheel was 30°,the wheel disc diameter was 204 mm,and the number of grass wheel claws was 13.Using Design-Expert software and Box-Behnken experiment optimization design method,the regression mathematical model of the depth of grass wheel(A),the forward speed of the machine(B),the deflection angle of the dividing baffle(C)and the straw cleaning rate(Y)were established.The analysis showed that each factor had a significant influence on the straw cleaning rate,and the significance was C>B>A.The optimization results showed that with the depth of the straw wheel of 11 mm,the forward speed of 4 km·h^(-1),and the grass dividing baffle deflection angle of 35°,the straw cleaning and anti-blocking device had the best working performance.The field verification experiment showed that the machine had good trafficability,the actual straw cleaning rate and its coefficient of variation were 90.58%and 1.20%,the average soil disturbance and its coefficient of variation were 20.00%and 5.30%.The operation quality was stable,which met the agronomic and technical requirements of no-till planter operation.

关 键 词：少免耕播种机 分拨草防堵装置 仿生 白星花金龟 图像处理 离散元仿真 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]