杭州市临安区指南村乡村聚落景观演变特征研究  

Study on the Landscape Evolution Characteristics of Rural Settlements in Zhinan Village,Lin'an District,Hangzhou

作　　者：张梦梦 严少君[1] Zhang Mengmeng;Yan Shaojun(College of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《绿色科技》2023年第11期83-90,共8页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省乡村生态景观营造技术推广与示范项目(编号:2019C02023)。

摘　　要：在乡村快速建设进程中,其规模形态、土地利用方式、民居建筑等变化较大,在一定程度上影响了乡村原有风貌的保存与发展。乡村聚落景观演变特征的研究,既可以补充宏观视角下相关研究的不足,也可为其他地区乡村聚落景观规划提供案例支撑。为此,以全国美丽乡村示范村——杭州市临安区指南村为例,通过定量与定性相结合的方法,从聚落规模、街巷道路、公共空间、民居建筑4个方面对乡村聚落景观演变特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:①2009~2022年间,研究区内景观类型转移以林地向耕地、园地、建设用地转化为主,林地为主要转出类型,共计转出44.96 hm^(2),耕地为主要转入类型,共计转入31.17 hm^(2)。土地向集约化、多层次、多种类方向发展;②道路体系更加完善,出现了结构层次分级,空间扩大,肌理强化等特征;③公共空间的位置关系、功能构成、规模尺度、风格形式呈现出旅游化、城镇化倾向,传统尺度感失衡;④建筑形态由合院形式转变为三开间形式,建筑功能由传统居住向商服多功能转变,建筑风格、材质混乱,文化性、装饰性降低。In the process of rapid rural construction,its scale form,land use mode,residential architecture,etc.have changed greatly,which has affected the preservation and development of the original style of the village to a certain extent.The study of the evolution characteristics of rural settlement landscape can not only make up for the shortcomings of relevant research from a macro perspective,but also provide case support for rural settlement landscape planning in other regions.Therefore,this paper takes the National Beautiful Rural Demonstration Village,Hangzhou Lin'an District Guide Village as an example,and studies the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlement landscape from four aspects:settlement scale,streets,public space and residential buildings.The results showed that:①From 2009 to 2022,the landscape type transfer in the study area was mainly from forest land to cultivated land,garden land and construction land,forest land as the main transfer type,with a total of 44.96 hm^(2) transferred,and cultivated land as the main transfer type,with a total transfer of 31.17 hm^(2).Land development is intensive,multi-level and multi-category;②The road system is more perfect,and the characteristics of structural hierarchy,space expansion,and texture strengthening have appeared;③The location relationship,functional composition,scale,and style form of public space show a tendency towards tourism and urbanization,and the traditional sense of scale is unbalanced;④The architectural form is changed from the form of a courtyard to a three-bay form;the architectural function is transformed from traditional residence to commercial service multi-function;the architectural style and material are chaotic,and the cultural and decorative nature is reduced.

关 键 词：聚落景观 民居建筑 土地利用 指南村 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]