城市荒野蝶类栖息地景观特征与景观营造策略  

Landscape Characteristics and Landscape Construction Strategies of Butterfly Habitat in Urban Wilderness

作　　者：彭靖轩 刘子仪 张欣然 李晓鹏 Peng Jingxuan;Liu Ziyi;Zhang Xinran;Li Xiaopeng(School of Architecture,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学建筑学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《绿色科技》2023年第11期111-121,共11页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：目前,城市各类生物自然栖息地锐减,生物多样性遭到严重威胁。蝴蝶在生态系统中发挥重要作用,受到城市化的影响也较大。其独特的习性使之常常作为监测城市绿地的指示物种,可反映城市环境问题以及绿地空间生物多样性水平。分别选取城市绿地和荒野中的蝴蝶栖息地作为研究对象,以蝴蝶作为关键物种,研究了其多样性与栖息地的环境条件和景观关联特征。针对蝴蝶的生物特性与生活习性,选取关键影响因子建立蝴蝶生境适宜性评价体系,从而探索丰富场地蝴蝶生物多样性的途径。采取样方法和样线法对目标场地进行调研,对场地的特征信息以及蝴蝶的物种特征进行数据处理与分析,再通过获取的场地数据在GIS软件中进行蝴蝶生境适宜性评价,总结了有利于蝴蝶多样性恢复的景观特征。结果表明:①植物多样性与植物群落结构是影响蝶类分布的重要因素,其中灌木草本组成的植物群落更加吸引蝴蝶,而寄主植物与蜜源植物的不同则影响着所吸引蝴蝶的种类;②含有次生植被的生境更加适宜蝴蝶生存,人工程度过高的混凝土场地与林地生境无法满足蝶类生存需求;③郁闭度会对蝴蝶多样性产生显著的负向影响关系,即郁闭度越高,蝴蝶多样性越低;④人为干扰强度是影响蝴蝶分布的重要因素,中低强度人为干扰有利于蝶类生存。基于此,提出了适于蝴蝶的荒野景观营造策略:基于荒野生境的条件状况提出了蝴蝶视角下的踏脚石、避难所与栖息地三类区域的规划设计,踏脚石区域设置小块绿地配置以灌木草本为主的多种植物,为蝴蝶提供短期停留功能;避难所区域内设置小型圣经斑块,结合植物群落与人工设施建造避难空间;栖息地区域保留原有荒野植物群落肌理,丰富植物群落并建造水源,以满足蝴蝶自然繁殖需求。研究结果可为恢复城市蝴蝶生境以及提升城�With the rapid development of social economy in the new era and the acceleration of urbanization process,urban climate changes,green space compression and other problems have followed,leading to the sharp decline of various urban biological natural habitats and serious threats to biodiversity.Butterflies play an important role in ecosystems and are also greatly affected by urbanization.Its unique habits often serve as an indicator species for monitoring urban green spaces,reflecting urban environmental issues and the level of biodiversity in green space.This study selected butterfly habitats in urban green spaces and wilderness as the research objects,with butterflies as key species to study their diversity and environmental conditions and landscape correlation characteristics with their habitats.The biological characteristics and living habits of the needle butterfly are analyzed,and key influencing factors are selected to establish a butterfly habitat suitability evaluation system,in order to explore ways to enrich the biodiversity of butterflies in the site.Research on the target site is conducted by using sampling and line sampling methods;the characteristic information of the site and the species characteristics of butterflies are processed and analyzed,and then the suitability of butterfly habitats in GIS software is evaluated based on the obtained site data.The landscape features that are conducive to the restoration of butterfly diversity are summarized.The results show that:①Plant diversity and plant community structure are important factors affecting the distribution of butterflies.The plant community composed of shrubs and herbs is more attractive to butterflies,while the difference between host plants and nectar plants affects the species of butterflies attracted;②Habitats containing secondary vegetation are more suitable for the survival of butterflies,while concrete sites and forest habitats with high artificial levels cannot meet the survival needs of butterflies;③The degree of canopy closure

关 键 词：城市生物多样性 城市荒野 蝴蝶 生境适宜性评价 植物群落多样性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]