低碳源生活污水生物脱氮工艺研究进展  

Research Progress on the Technologies of Biological Nitrogen Removal for Domestic Sewage With Low Carbon Source

作　　者：金丽丽 Jin Lili(CCTEG Hangzhou Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311201,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团杭州研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311201

出　　处：《绿色科技》2023年第10期126-133,共8页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：中国煤科青年基金(编号:2019-QN006)。

摘　　要：针对低碳源生活污水总氮脱除的难题,分别从传统生物脱氮工艺、新型生物脱氮工艺、碳源对污水脱氮的影响进行了综述。传统生物脱氮工艺主要包括活性污泥法、生物膜法、泥膜复合法,相较于单一的传统活性污泥法或生物膜法,泥膜复合工艺对低碳源生活污水可以获得较高的脱氮效果;新型生物脱氮工艺主要包括短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、同步硝化反硝化及自养反硝化,其中短程硝化反硝化需严格控制运行条件以获得较高的总氮去除率;厌氧氨氧化无须外碳源,但需要严格控制环境条件以保持厌氧氨氧化菌的活性;同步硝化反硝化工艺运行参数的波动对处理效果影响显著;自养反硝化节省了外碳源的投入,但保持自养反硝化微生物的活性是关键;碳源作为污水生物脱氮反硝化过程的重要影响因素,主要有外投加单一碳源、外投加组合碳源及利用内源碳,需要根据具体处理的污水水质水量情况,以及可利用的碳源情况进行选择。为此,对低碳源生活污水脱氮技术提出了展望,可从微观角度重点研究新型生物脱氮工艺的机制机理;通过工艺的组合优化,合理选择外碳源,充分利用污水中内碳源;新型生活污水脱氮工艺进行组合,对各运行参数进行优化,以期获得高效化、低碳化的脱氮技术。In order to solve the problems of total nitrogen removal for domestic sewage with low carbon source,the traditional biological nitrogen removal processes,the novel biological nitrogen removal processes and the effects of carbon source on nitrogen removal for domestic sewage are summarized.The traditional biological nitrogen removal processes mainly include activated sludge,biofilm and sludge-biofilm composite processes.Compared with the single traditional activated sludge process or biofilm process,the sludge-biofilm composite process can achieve a high nitrogen removal effect for domestic sewage with low carbon source.The novel biological nitrogen removal processes mostly involve shortcut nitrification and denitrification,anaerobic ammonium oxidation,simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and autotrophic denitrification.The shortcut nitrification and denitrification does not need strict control of operating conditions to achieve high total nitrogen removal rates.The anaerobic ammonium oxidation does not require external carbon sources,but need strict control of conditions to maintain the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria.The fluctuation of operating parameters for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification has a significant impact on the treatment effect.The autotrophic denitrification saves the dosage of external carbon sources,and maintaining the activity of autotrophic denitrification microorganisms is the key.As an important influencing factor of biological nitrogen removal in the stage of denitrification,carbon source mainly includes dosing of single carbon source,dosing of combined carbon source and utilization of internal carbon source.Based on the quality and quantity of wastewater and the available carbon sources,carbon source selection needs to be to be treated.Finally,the prospect of nitrogen removal technology of domestic sewage with low carbon source is put forward.The mechanism of novel biological nitrogen removal processes can be studied from a micro perspective.Through

关 键 词：低碳源 生活污水 生物脱氮 活性污泥 生物膜 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]