Ecology and management of rodents in no-till agriculture in Washington, USA  

作　　者：Gary WITMER Rodney SAYLER David HUGGINS Jason CAPELLI 

机构地区：[1]US Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services,National Wildlife Research Center,Fort Collins,Colorado,USA [2]Washington State University,Pullman,Washington,USA

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2007年第3期154-164,共11页整合动物学（英文版）

摘　　要：No-till farming is an important approach to sustainable agriculture because it can conserve soil and water resources.Unfortunately, rodent populations can thrive under no-till conditions because burrow systems are not disrupted byannual plowing and plant residues build-up on the surface, providing cover and insulation. This can result in substantialcrop damage. We assessed rodent populations, habitat use, food habits, and crop damage in a no-till croppingsystem in Washington, USA. We also conducted preliminary trials of methods to reduce rodent populationsand crop damage. In the fall, many more rodents were captured in fields with unharvested crops than in fieldscontaining only plant stubble, suggesting that rodents leave fields after crop harvest, providing that suitable habitatsare nearby, even when adequate cover is still available in harvested crop fields. By spring, the number of volescaptured was much lower relative to fall. Despite this, capture rates were much higher in surrounding permanentgrass areas than in crop (barley, wheat, pea) fields, suggesting that these grassy areas serve as refugia for rodents.Furthermore, the permanent grass cover type was the landscape variable most associated with rodent capture rates.In three winter pea fields, rodents removed 5–15% of the pea plants over winter. Examination of stomach contentsrevealed that voles mainly fed on grain plants in spring, but that their diet was more diversified in fall. Deer micefed heavily on grain plants in both spring and fall, but also used insects as food. Metal barrier exclosures (9 m × 9m), extending above and below ground, did not prevent access by rodents. Rodent populations in areas treated withzinc phosphide on grain were comparable to untreated areas 1 year after application of the rodenticide, perhaps becauseof immigration and recruitment, suggesting that baiting does not provide a long-term solution to rodent damagein no-till agricultural fields.

关 键 词：AGRICULTURE damage deer mouse feeding ecology MICROTUS PEROMYSCUS rodent VOLE 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]