植保无人飞机低容量喷雾在山东设施茶园防治半翅目害虫的应用研究  

Control effects of low volume spraying using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)against Hemiptera pests in facility tea garden in Shandong province

作　　者：张瑞瑞 郝岩岩 张瑜 伦晓月 单顺利 张正群[1] ZHANG Ruirui;HAO Yanyan;ZHANG Yu;LUN Xiaoyue;SHAN Shunli;ZHANG Zhengqun(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第4期349-356,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新(20182130106);崂山茶产业创新团队(LSCG2022000017);泰安市科技创新发展(2021NS082);泰安市农业科技特派员科技项目(2021TPY021)。

摘　　要：利用四旋翼植保无人飞机在山东设施茶园防治主要害虫,研究两种类型的植保无人飞机和传统背负式电动喷雾器施药在不同冠层茶树叶片上雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率分布情况以及对茶树主要半翅目害虫的防治效果。结果表明,Ⅰ型植保无人飞机、Ⅱ型植保无人飞机和背负式喷雾器在茶树叶片上平均雾滴密度分别为102.72、50.58个/cm^(2)和29.83个/cm^(2),沉积总量分别为0.175、0.371μL/cm^(2)和53.562μL/cm^(2),雾滴覆盖率均值分别为1.95%、2.52%和19.42%。不同施药器械对茶树各层的雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率有显著影响。两种类型植保无人飞机施药雾滴密度总体为茶树树冠上层>中层>底层,正面>背面。背负式电动喷雾器施药的雾滴沉积量和覆盖率显著高于植保无人飞机,叶片正面沉积量和覆盖率明显高于叶背面。Ⅰ型植保无人飞机喷施22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂240 mg/L 3 d和5 d后对黑刺粉虱的防治效果为82.20%和71.73%,该处理对防治茶树黑刺粉虱具有速效性且持效性较好。Ⅰ型植保无人飞机喷施22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂240 mg/L 3 d和5 d后对小贯小绿叶蝉的防效为84.44%和77.25%;Ⅱ型植保无人飞机喷施25 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油60 mg/L 3 d后对小贯小绿叶蝉的防效为98.18%,具有较好的速效性。植保无人飞机施药对黑刺粉虱的防效优于背负式喷雾器,但对叶蝉的防效与背负式喷雾器相当。不同施药器械不同药剂处理中瓢虫的数量没有差异。Using four-rotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)to control major pests in facility tea garden in Shandong province,density,coverage and deposition of droplets on the leaves in tea tree canopy and control efficacies against major insect pests of Hemiptera in tea gardens were investigated after spraying insecticides using two types of plant protection UAVs equipped with different sprinklers and knapsack electric sprayer.The results showed that the average fog drop densities on tea leaves of the typeⅠplant protection UAV,typeⅡplant protection UAV and knapsack sprayer were 102.72 drop/cm^(2),50.58 drop/cm^(2)and 29.83 drop/cm^(2),respectively.The total deposition amounts were 0.175μL/cm^(2),0.371μL/cm^(2)and 53.56μL/cm^(2),respectively,and the mean coverage rates of fog drops were 1.95%,2.52%and 19.42%,respectively.Density,coverage and deposition of droplets on the leaves in tea tree canopy were significantly different using different spraying instruments.The droplet densities of two types of plant protection UAV spraying on the upper and middle layers of tea tree canopy were higher than the bottom layer,and those on the obverse of tea leaves were higher than the reverse.The coverage and deposition of droplets of knapsack electric sprayer were significantly higher than those of UAV spraying,and the coverage and deposition of droplets on the obverse of tea leaves was more than the reverse.The 3 d and 5 d control efficiencies of sulfoxaflor 22%SC at 240 mg/L against Aleurocanthus spiniferus were 82.20%and 71.73%using the typeⅠplant protection UAV,respectively,which showed rapid and sustainable control effect on A.spiniferus.The 3 d and 5 d control efficiencies of sulfoxaflor 22%SC at 240 mg/L against Empoasca onukii were 84.44%and 77.25%using the typeⅠplant protection UAV,respectively.The 3 d control efficiency of deltamethrin 25 g/L EC at 60 mg/L against E.onukii was 98.18%using the typeⅡplant protection UAV,which showed a pretty rapid effectiveness.The control effects of plant protection UA

关 键 词：植保无人飞机 设施茶园 雾滴沉积分布 防治效果 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护]