田间烟草白粉病高效低残留杀菌剂的筛选  

Screening of High Efficiency and Low Residue Fungicide of Tobacco Powdery Mildew in Field

作　　者：董志锴 缪婷 宋洁 王越茂 李聪平 赵正雄[2] 李向阳 刘林 DONG Zhikai;MIAO Ting;SONG Jie;WANG Yuemao;LI Congping;ZHAO Zhengxiong;LI Xiangyang;LIU Lin(National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agro-biodiversity,College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;China Tobacco Yunnan Import and Export Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650031,China;College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,农业生物多样性应用技术国家工程研究中心,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [3]中国烟草云南进出口有限公司,云南昆明650031 [4]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期377-382,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000242025)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究化学杀菌剂对烟草白粉病的防治效果及农药残留情况。【方法】通过田间药效试验比较分析40%腈菌唑可湿性粉剂(C1)、50%醚菌脂水分散粒剂(C2)、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(C3)、30%氟菌唑可湿性粉剂(C4)、20%三唑酮乳油(C5)、40%菌核净可湿性粉剂(C6)和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂(C7)等7种杀菌剂对烟草白粉病的防治效果和对烟草产质量的影响,并通过气相色谱—质谱仪分析比较杀菌剂在烤烟中的农药残留情况。【结果】C1、C2和C3对烟草白粉病的防治效果均优于C7,其中C2对烟草白粉病的防治效果最好(98.53%),其次为C1(88.99%)。烟叶产质量结果表明:使用C4防治烟草白粉病的田块中上等烟产量最高(845.48 kg/hm^(2)),占收获烟叶总量的64.70%;产值达40212.64元/hm^(2),除去药剂成本的纯收入最高(39573.64元/hm^(2));烟叶中农药的残留量较少,低于检测限量(0.05 mg/kg)。【结论】C2和C1可作为多菌灵防治烟草白粉病的替代农药,但农药残留略高;C4对烟草白粉病的防治效果较好,且农药残留较低。[Purpose]To study the control effect of chemical fungicides on tobacco powdery mildew and pesticide residues.[Methods]Field efficacy trial was conducted to compare and analyze the effect of prevention and the effects on tobacco yield and quality about seven fungicides on tobacco powdery mildew,including 40%myclobutanil wettable powder(C1),50%kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granule(C2),10%difenoconazole water dispersible granule(C3),30%triflumizole wettable powder(C4),20%triadimefon EC(C5),40%dimethachlone net wettable powder(C6)and 50%carbendazim wettable powder(C7).The pesticide residues of fungicides in flue-cured tobacco were analyzed and compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.[Results]C1,C2 and C3 had better control effects on tobacco powdery mildew than C7,among which,C2 had the best control effect(98.53%),and followed by C1(88.99%).The results of tobacco leaf yield and quality measure-ment showed that the middle-and high-grade tobacco yield(845.48 kg/hm^(2))was the highest in the fields using C4 to control tobacco powdery mildew,accounting for 64.70%of the total harvested to-bacco leaves;the output value reached 40212.64 yuan/hm^(2),and the net income excluding pesticide costs was the highest(39573.64 yuan/hm^(2));pesticide residues in tobacco leaves were less,lower than the detection limit(0.05 mg/kg).[Conclusion]C2 and C1 can be used as alternative pesticides for the control of tobacco powdery mildew,but the pesticide residue is slightly higher;and C4 has better control effect on tobacco powdery mildew,and the pesticide residue is lower.

关 键 词：烟草白粉病 杀菌剂 多菌灵 农药残留 替代农药 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]