可降解纤维素基材料的耐水性能研究进展  

Research progress on the water resistance of degradable cellulose-based materials

作　　者：崔张宁 胡紫璇 吴雷[1,2] 周军 叶干[1] 刘田田 张秋利 宋永辉 CUI Zhangning;HU Zixuan;WU Lei;ZHOU Jun;YE Gan;LIU Tiantian;ZHANG Qiuli;SONG Yonghui(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710055,Shaanxi,China;School of Metallurgical Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710055 [2]陕西省黄金与资源重点实验室,陕西西安710055 [3]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《化工学报》2023年第6期2296-2307,共12页CIESC Journal

基　　金：陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020TD-028);陕西省教育厅服务地方专项项目(22JC045);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目一般专项项目(22JK0278,22JK0432);榆林市科技计划项目(CXY-2020-058);西安建筑科技大学科技基金项目(ZR21065)。

摘　　要：生物质资源制备塑料替代品成为当前最具吸引力的研究课题之一。纤维素是生物质中广泛存在的聚合物,因其具有可降解性、可持续性和良好力学性能等特点而被作为高价值材料的前体。然而,纤维素中丰富的羟基结构增强了亲水性,导致纤维素基材料吸水后变软,严重地影响了其力学性能。在保留纤维素环境友好特性的前提下,改善纤维素基材料的耐水性能以提高其在高湿环境下的水稳定性和力学性能,从而拓宽纤维素基材料的实际应用范围,使其成为石油基或煤基塑料的优良替代品。先通过对纤维素结构与性质的分析,引出纤维素基材料所面临的耐水性能差的问题,再介绍了纤维素基材料的耐水性能指标和行业要求,重点阐述了改善纤维素基材料耐水性能的三种优化方法,即涂覆疏水涂层、制备复合材料和施加添加剂。最后对纤维素基材料的耐水性能进行了总结和展望,提出了其在实际优化过程中存在的阻碍和挑战。The preparation of plastic substitutes from biomass resources has become one of the most attractive research topics at present.Cellulose,a polymer widely found in biomass,has been used as a precursor of high-value materials due to its degradability,sustainability,and good mechanical properties.However,the rich hydroxyl structure in cellulose enhances its hydrophilicity,leading to the softening of cellulose-based materials after water absorption,thus their mechanical properties are seriously affected.On the premise of retaining the environment friendly properties of cellulose,the improvement of the water resistance of cellulose-based materials is to increase their water stability and mechanical properties in high humidity environments,thereby broadening the practical application range of cellulose-based materials and making them an excellent candidate for petroleum and making them become the excellent alternatives to petroleum-based or coal-based plastics.Based on the analysis of structure and properties of cellulose,the problem of poor water resistance of cellulose-based materials was raised firstly,and then the performance indicators and industry requirements of the water resistance for cellulose-based materials were introduced.Three optimization methods(coating hydrophobic coatings,preparing composite materials,and adding additives)for the improvement of the water resistance of cellulose-based materials were emphasized.At last,the water resistance of cellulose-based materials was summarized and prospected,and the problems and challenges in their practical optimization were pointed out.

关 键 词：纤维素 耐水性能 涂层 复合材料 添加剂 

分 类 号：TQ352.7[化学工程]