民族地区“多层级协同治理”的结构特征与内在逻辑——以广西壮族自治区L县扶贫小额信贷实施为例  

"Multi-level Collaborative Governance"in Ethnic Areas:Structural Features and Internal Logic Taking the Implementation of Poverty Alleviation Microcredit in L County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a Case Study

作　　者：周金衢 刘金林 杨宇 Zhou Jinqu;Liu Jinlin;Yang Yu(Guangxi Minzu University,Guilin,530006,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院,广西南宁530006 [2]广西民族大学/广西中华民族共同体意识研究院,广西南宁530006 [3]广西民族大学政治与公共管理学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第3期41-51,146,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目“广西扶贫小额信贷地方协同治理实践及优化路径研究”(2019KY0206);国家社科重大专项“‘五个认同’视域下西南民族地区各民族有序参与基层治理的理论逻辑及实践路径研究”(20VMZ004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：扶贫小额信贷是一种有效的扶贫到户形式,能缓解贫困人口资金匮乏的困境,激发他们的内生发展动力。以广西壮族自治区L县扶贫小额信贷实施为个案,通过深度访谈和非参与观察发现:在纵向上,L县将扶贫小额信贷目标分解,然后通过科层组织体系逐级下压给各乡镇政府和行政村,实行科层治理;在横向上,通过建立贷款贴息、风险补偿和利益联结等机制,L县政府、各乡镇政府和行政村又将农信机构、龙头企业、帮扶联系人和建档立卡贫困户等利益相关方等纳入治理主体的范畴,分别在县、乡镇和行政村这三个层面上开展协同治理。纵向科层治理与横向层面上的协同治理交叉,形成了一种“多层级协同治理”的模式,实现了“上下联动、左右协同”的治理效果。“多层级协同治理”既契合了中国单一制国家的结构逻辑,又契合了基层政府工具理性的逻辑,对推进乡村振兴和中国式现代化具有重要意义。Hierarchical governance and collaborative governance can be considered as two ways to try to solve complex problems.Under the framework of hierarchical governance,a higher level of government controls most of the power and resources and can set targets or assign tasks to lower-level governments through administrative orders.Under the framework of collaborative governance,higher and lower levels of government,dif-ferent departments within the same government,governmental and non-governmental organizations attempt to reach consensuses through equal consultations,and government entities do not have the right to issue orders unilaterally.Starting from the standpoint of binary opposition,some scholars believe that hierarchical governance is rigid and conservative as well as obstructing and rejecting collaborative governance.Therefore,they fiercely criticize hierarchical governance and propose"a retreat of the state",and believing that"only collaboration is the hope of our era";however,some scholars argue that a transplant of Western"planarized"collaborative governance theory in a simplistic way by ignoring China's unique institutional characteristics is unable to effectively solve Chinese problems.This paper takes L county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a case study to investigate its implementation process of poverty alleviation microcredits.It is found that L County breaks down into components the task of granting poverty alleviation microcredits,then distributes them to each township government and village administration through a vertical hierarchical system;in other words,it implements hierarchical governance.Results also show that horizontal mechanisms of loan discount,risk compensation,and interest linkage have been established by the L County Government,township governments,villages administrations,putting rural credit institutions,leading enterprises,and contact officials in charge of poverty elimination,registering poor households and other stakeholders into the scope of governance subjects,and carry

关 键 词：扶贫小额信贷 科层治理 协同治理 

分 类 号：F127.8[经济管理—世界经济]