2019—2020年苏浙皖三省小麦叶锈菌群体的致病类型鉴定及毒性结构分析  

Pathotype identification and virulence structure analysis of wheat leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina from Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui provinces during 2019-2020 cropping season

作　　者：李泓甫 华为[2] 朱靖环[2] 高利[1,3] 陈万权 刘太国[1,3,4] Li Hongfu;Hua Wei;Zhu Jinghuan;Gao Li;Chen Wanquan;Liu Taiguo(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang Province,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Gangu 741200,Gansu Province,China;Key Laboratory of Biological Hazard Factors(Plant Source)Control of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,杭州310021 [3]农业农村部国家植物保护甘谷观测实验站,甘肃甘谷741200 [4]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部农产品质量安全生物性危害因子(植物源)控制重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第3期705-715,共11页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31671967);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500,2018YFD0200400);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAASASTIP);财政部和农业农村部国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-3)。

摘　　要：为持续控制小麦叶锈病及促进小麦的抗叶锈病育种工作,2019—2020年自江苏、浙江和安徽3个省采集自然感叶锈病的小麦病叶,经分离获得小麦叶锈菌单孢分离物,利用43个小麦叶锈病鉴别寄主材料对其致病类型进行鉴定,并对其毒性结构进行分析。结果显示,从170份小麦叶锈菌单孢分离物中共鉴定出67个致病类型,主要致病类型为THS、SHJ、PHS和SHS,出现频率分别为8.8%、7.6%、5.9%和5.9%。江苏、浙江和安徽3个省的单孢分离物对携带抗叶锈基因Lr10、Lr12、Lr22a、Lr22b、Lr29、Lr33、Lr35和Lr36的鉴别寄主材料的苗期毒性频率均超过90.0%,而对携带抗叶锈基因Lr9、Lr24、Lr25、Lr28、Lr38、Lr40、Lr41、Lr42、Lr43和Lr13+3ka的鉴别寄主材料的苗期毒性频率均小于10.0%。卡方检验及Fisher精确检验显示,3个省小麦叶锈菌群体对抗叶锈基因Lr1、Lr2a、Lr3、Lr14b、Lr18、Lr21、Lr26、Lr27+31、Lr32和Lr37的毒力存在显著分化。浙江省小麦叶锈菌群体具有较少的毒性因子(4.73)和毒性值(600.00),毒性多态性在3个群体中最低,安徽省小麦叶锈菌群体具有较高的毒性因子(6.41)和毒性值(977.27),江苏省小麦叶锈菌群体具有较高的毒性多态性。毒性结构分析显示,安徽省和江苏省小麦叶锈菌群体毒性基因位点的遗传距离较近,3个小麦叶锈菌群体间存在毒性结构分化的同时也存在菌株的频繁交流。For the continuously controlling wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina and promoting resistance breeding,wheat leaf samples were collected from Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Anhui provinces during 2019—2020 cropping season.After purification and multiplication of single-uredinium isolates,43 leaf rust materials were used for pathotype identification.A total of 67 pathotypes were identified from 170 isolates,and the predominant pathotypes were THS,SHJ,PHS and SHS,with a frequency of 8.8%,7.6%,5.9%and 5.9%,respectively.Seedling virulence frequency of single-uredinium isolates from Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui provinces was more than 90.0%to the materials with leaf rust resis-tance genes Lr10,Lr12,Lr22a,Lr22b,Lr29,Lr33,Lr35,and Lr36,and the seedling virulence fre-quency was less than 10.0%to the materials with leaf rust resistance genes Lr9,Lr24,Lr25,Lr28,Lr38,Lr40,Lr41,Lr42,Lr43,and Lr13+3ka.Chi-square test and Fisher exact test showed a significant differ-entiation of virulence against wheat leaf rust genes Lr1,Lr2a,Lr3,Lr14b,Lr18,Lr21,Lr26,Lr27+31,Lr32 and Lr37 among the three populations.The population of P.triticina in Zhejiang Province had less virulence factor(4.73)and virulence value(600.00),and the virulence polymorphism was the lowest among the three populations.The population of P.triticina in Anhui Province had more virulence factor(6.41)and virulence value(977.27),and the population of P.triticina in Jiangsu Province had highest virulence polymorphism.The analysis of virulence structure showed that the genetic distance of Anhui population and Jiangsu population was relatively close,and the differentiation of virulence structure among three populations was accompanied by frequent exchanges of inoculum.

关 键 词：小麦叶锈菌 鉴别寄主材料 抗叶锈基因 致病类型 毒性频率 毒性多态性 

分 类 号：S435.121.43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]