新疆绿洲灌溉玉米产区玉米茎腐病优势病原菌分离与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of dominant pathogens causing maize stalk rot in the irrigated maize producing areas in Xinjiang oases

作　　者：丁新华[1] 宋子硕 蒋旭东 付开赟 王小武 吐尔逊·阿合买提[1] 郭文超[1] 杨杰[5] Ding Xinhua;Song Zishuo;Jiang Xudong;Fu Kaiyun;Wang Xiaowu;Tuerxun Ahemati;Guo Wenchao;Yang Jie(Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management in Northwest Desert Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;Kashgar Customs,Kashgar 844099,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology,Institute of Microbiology Application,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]喀什海关,新疆喀什844099 [3]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,新疆特殊环境微生物重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [5]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第3期733-743,共11页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2021A02001-2);新疆维吾尔自治区玉米产业技术体系(XORS);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划专项(2021B02002-2);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定专项(xjnkywdzc-2022004),新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育项目(XJKCPY-2020002)。

摘　　要：为明确新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)绿洲灌溉玉米产区玉米茎腐病优势病原菌的种类组成及时空变化差异,于2020年和2021年在新疆主要玉米种植区共采集335株病样,获得601个分离物,通过形态学结合分子生物学技术对各代表菌株的rDNA-ITS和TEF-1α基因序列进行扩增和同源率比对鉴定。结果表明,镰孢菌共560株,占比93.18%,其中拟轮枝镰孢菌Fusarium verticillioides、层出镰孢菌F.proliferatum、禾谷镰孢菌F.graminearum、尖孢镰孢菌F.oxysporum和腐皮镰孢菌F.solani为主要致病菌,2020年分离频率依次为44.10%、29.77%、9.77%、5.69%和5.23%,2021年分离频率依次为50.95%、38.22%、0、2.55%和0。拟轮枝镰孢菌和层出镰孢菌在5个地州均有分布,且总分离频率显著高于其他病原菌。苗期接种结果表明,禾谷镰孢菌致病率(86.30%)、病情指数(35.33)显著高于其他4种病原菌,为强致病菌;层出镰孢菌和拟轮枝镰孢菌的致病率和病情指数分别为63.33%、16.00和55.00%、11.67。表明新疆绿洲灌溉区玉米茎腐病由引起黄枯型的镰孢菌为主,其中拟轮枝镰孢菌分布广泛,分离频率高,致病性较强,为主要优势致病种。In order to clarify the species composition and temporal and spatial variation of dominant pathogens of maize stalk rot in the irrigated maize producing areas(IMPA)in oases in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.From 2020 to 2021,a systematic survey was conducted on the main maize planting areas in Xinjiang.The results showed that a total of 601 isolates were obtained from 335 disease sam-plesh using morphological identification combined with molecular biology techniques for amplification and homology identification of the rDNA-ITS and TEF-1αgene sequences of each representative strain.The results showed that 560 isolates(93.18%of the total isolates)belong to species of Fusarium,includ-ing F.verticillioides,F.proliferatum,F.graminearum,F.oxysporum and F.solani.The isolation fre-quency was 44.10%,29.77%,9.77%,5.69%and 5.23%in 2020 and 50.95%,38.22%,0,2.55%and 0 in 2021,respectively.It was found that F.verticillioides and F.proliferatum were distributed in five prefec-tures during the two years,and the total isolation frequency was significantly higher than those of other pathogens.The pathogenicity of F.graminearum(86.30%)and disease index(35.33)were significantly higher than those of the other four pathogens.The corresponding numbers were 63.33%and 16.00 for F.proliferatum,and 55%and 11.67 for F.verticillioides.The results indicated that the yellow blight caused by Fusarium was the main type of maize stalk rot in IMPA,Xinjiang oases,and F.verticillioides was the dominant pathogen of maize stalk rot with wide distribution,high isolation frequency and viru-lence.

关 键 词：新疆 玉米 玉米茎腐病 镰孢菌 优势种 

分 类 号：S435.131.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]