公司债权人知情权的体系构造  

The Systematic Construction of the Creditor’s Right to Information

作　　者：岳万兵 YUE Wanbing(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期100-108,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“营商环境法治化的制度架构与实现研究”(20ZDA044)。

摘　　要：债权人知情权制度具有抑制公司内部人道德风险、强化外部监督、提升公司治理水平的多重功能,公司法修订之际,应对此课题投以更多关注。依照权利的行使方式,债权人知情权可分为消极的知情权与积极的知情权,其权利的行使要被严格限定于特定的场景当中。消极的知情权应当在公司进行大额的捐赠、放弃债权、对外担保、转投资等主动减损自身偿债能力的场景下触发,积极的知情权应当在债权人掌握公司内部人可能从事不法行为的初步证据时才得以触发。为维护债权人知情权的现实意义,债权人应当得以消极知情权被侵害为由主张公司行为无效。藉此,可从内容、程序、后果三个方面整体把握债权人知情权的整体功用及其体系构造。The principle of the creditor’s right to information has the multi-functions of restraining the corporate insiders’moral hazard,strengthening the external supervision and improving the corporate governance,which should receive more attention while the Company Law is under amendment.According to the execution of the right to information,the creditor’s right to information is composed of the negative information right and the positive information right,whose execution is strictly confined to specific circumstances.The former can only be triggered when the creditor has some preliminary evidences that the corporate insiders might engage in some illegal actions.The latter can only be triggered when the company actively engages in reducing its solvency ratios like large donations,freeing itself from encumbrances,external guaranty and other investments.The maintenance of the creditor’s right to information has practical significance and the creditor can claim that the company’s actions are invalid because the infringement of his/her negative information right.Thus,it is necessary to understand the entire functions and systematic structure of the creditor’s right to information in the aspects of its content,procedure and consequence.

关 键 词：债权人 知情权 积极知情权 消极知情权 公司合并 

分 类 号：D913.99[政治法律—民商法学]