“儒缓”与“活法”:谢朓融摄诗骚的风格探析  

“Confucian Sluggishness”and“Flexible Approach”:An Analysis of Xie Tiao’s Style of Integrating The Book of Songs and Chu Ci

作　　者：孙宝 Sun Bao

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273100

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第4期110-119,共10页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“南北朝选官制度与文运兴变研究”(16BZW047)。

摘　　要：谢朓诗文创作承袭谢灵运以儒典缀辞的笔法,具有“儒缓”之风,表现为:其一,偏爱《诗经》,综用儒典;其二,兼重儒史,广征经子;其三,以儒家经义作为命题立意的宗旨;其四,以儒典礼仪记述为据,凸显祭祀、婚丧、节日游赏等朝仪的礼制内涵。谢朓作为永明新体诗的主将,以“清”为主体风格,由于人品不敦厚、积学不醇厚、措辞不朴厚、主题不鸿厚、文旨不渊厚,从而造成清代以来文论家对其“清而不厚”的成见。不过,深厚的儒学修养与融摄诗骚的实践,又使之呈现“活法”之美。谢朓“活法”的本质在于通过韵节婉畅的形式兼顾典实之深与倩丽之美,在诗律运用中赋予诗歌精工绮丽的外壳,诗骚合用则是其古雅而凄艳风格生成的重要途径。Xie Tiao’s poetry and literary creation inherits Xie Lingyun’s style of embellishing words with Confucian classics,thus possessing a style of Confucian Sluggishness.It manifests in three aspects:Firstly,preferring the Book of Songs and using Confucian classics comprehensively.Secondly,emphasizing both Confucianism and history,and extensively exploring the Confucian classics and the hundred schools of thoughts.Thirdly,the creative intents of using Confucian scriptures as propositional ideas.Fourthly,based on the records of Confucian etiquette,highlight the connotation of the ritual system of the dynasty,such as sacrificial ceremonies,weddings and funerals,and holiday tours.Xie Tiao,as the representative figure of Yongming’s new style poetry,took“Qing”as the main style.Due to his poor political performance and moral deficiency,literary critics in Qing dynasty had a preconception that he was“clear but not honest”.However,the profound cultivation of Confucianism and the practice of integrating The Book of Songs and Chu Ci made it present the beauty of“flexible approach”.The essence of Xie Tiao’s“flexible approach”lies in balancing the depth of classical allusion and the beauty of poetry through a graceful and smooth form of rhyme.In fact,the emphasis on the use of Yongming’s poetry gave Xie Shi a delicate and beautiful outer shell.And the combination of The Book of Songs and Chu Ci is an important aspect of its ancient and tragic style.

关 键 词：谢朓 儒缓 活法 融摄诗骚 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]