多孔金属材料阻尼性能的研究进展  

Research Progress in Damping Performances of Porous Metal Materials

作　　者：秦若男 果春焕[1] 李艳春[2] 邵帅齐 姜风春[1,3] QIN Ruonan;GUO Chunhuan;LI Yanchun;SHAO Shuaiqi;JIANG Fengchun(College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Institute of Advanced Technology,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150020,China;Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学材料科学与化学工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院,哈尔滨150020 [3]哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院,烟台264000

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第15期145-154,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11972128);中核集团领创科研项目(KY90200210015)。

摘　　要：阻尼技术一直以来在工业生产、科技开发及应用中备受关注,且随着技术的不断发展,工业领域对阻尼材料性能的要求也越发苛刻。因此,阻尼材料研究领域聚焦在结构功能一体化材料上,以提高材料的阻尼性能,满足技术发展提出的需求。近年来迅速发展的多孔金属材料是具有广阔应用前景的结构功能一体化材料之一。多孔金属材料的阻尼作用来源于材料阻尼和结构阻尼,但金属材料的固有阻尼性能有限,传统的造孔方法又存在孔隙分布不均匀、大小和数量不可控等不足,因此,需要通过材料的选择与组合、孔隙结构的优化、多种结构的复合等方法,提升多孔金属材料的阻尼性能。目前关于多孔金属材料的阻尼性能研究大都集中在优化材料成分、控制孔隙结构等方面,如将NiTi等高阻尼合金作为多孔金属材料基体,或根据需求加入颗粒或碳纳米管等预制空心结构的增强相,或采用蚀刻、选区激光熔化等新工艺,改善孔隙结构尺寸和分布的均匀性、可控性。这些方法都有效提升了多孔金属材料的阻尼性能,例如碳纳米管增强多孔铝合金材料在25~200℃以及升至390℃后的损耗因子分别为0.26和0.36,分别是多孔铝合金的1.77倍和2.71倍。本文主要从多孔金属材料中基体和增强相材料的种类、孔隙结构的作用出发,对多孔金属材料的阻尼作用机理和阻尼性能研究现状进行阐述和归纳,希望为多孔金属材料结构功能一体化的发展提供更多的思路。Damping technology has always attracted much attention in industrial production,technological development and application.The damping capacities of materials used in damping technology have been demanded severely with the development of industrial technology.Therefore,the researches of damping materials focus on the structural and functional integration materials in order to meet the demand of damping perfor-mance of materials in industrial development.Porous metal materials that were developed rapidly in recent years,are one of the structural-functional integrated materials with broad application prospects.The damping performances of porous metal materials include material damping and structural damping.Therefore,the damping capacity of po-rous metal materials can be improved through methods such as optimization of materials and pore structures,as the inherent damping perfor-mance of single type metal materials is limited,and the traditional pore-making methods have shortcomings such as uneven distribution of pores,uncontrollable size and number.Current researches on the damping capacity of porous metal materials are concentrated in the material composition optimization and the pore structure controlling.High damping alloys and reinforcement phases with prefabricated hollow structures are applied in porous metal materials to optimize the material composition,and new processes such as etching and selective laser melting are adopted to improve the uniformity and controllability of the size and distribution of the pore structure.These methods have effectively improved the damping capacity of porous metal materials.For example,the loss factors of carbon nanotube reinforced porous aluminum alloy materials are 0.26 and 0.36 at 25—200℃and higher than 390℃,respectively,which are 1.77 and 2.71 times of porous aluminum alloys,respectively.In this review,the research progress of damping mechanism and performances of porous metal materials are introduced and summarized from the aspects of material type of matrix and r

关 键 词：多孔材料 金属 空心球 阻尼性能 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]