矿井新型增润促凝喷雾降尘剂的研制与抑尘性能研究  

Development and Research on Dust Suppression Performance of a New Type of Spray Dust Suppressant for Increasing Moisturizing and Accelerating Coagulation in Mines

作　　者：聂文[1,2] 许长炜 彭慧天 张少波 NIE Wen;XU Changwei;PENG Huitian;ZHANG Shaobo(School of Safety and Environmental Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong,China;Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制实验室,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第15期260-268,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52174191,51874191)。

摘　　要：针对综采工作面粉尘污染严重、喷雾水对煤尘润湿捕集效果差以及传统喷雾降尘剂溶液粘稠不易雾化导致降尘效果不理想等问题,为提升综采工作面喷雾除尘效率,降低作业区域粉尘浓度,在低温条件下通过将聚多巴胺引入丙烯酰胺聚合反应体系控制其聚合程度,生成能高效雾化的降尘剂分子PDA-PAM,并用红外光谱技术研究了其官能团结构。将产物与表面活性剂、吸湿性无机盐复配,以溶液对煤样的接触角、煤尘在溶液中的沉降速度作为评价指标设计正交试验,最终确定了降尘剂溶液配方0.8%(质量分数,下同)PDA-PAM(聚多巴胺-聚丙烯酰胺)+0.05%十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵+0.05%NaCl。基于计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟技术对白芦煤矿4307综采工作面1.3 m/s风流扰动下,喷雾降尘剂溶液在1—8 MPa的雾化情况进行模拟,揭示了喷雾降尘剂对喷雾雾化特性的影响规律。数值模拟结果显示,雾滴平均粒径与喷雾压力间均存在幂函数关系;相较于清水喷雾,添加所复配的喷雾降尘剂后产生的雾场雾滴平均粒径更小,分布更加均匀;在喷雾压力为8 MPa时,喷雾降尘剂溶液产生的雾场雾滴粒径在20~100μm这一最佳粒径区间的比例达90.31%。通过增润促凝实验验证,研制的喷雾降尘剂溶液能够使煤尘迅速润湿并凝结成壳,达到增润和促凝的双重控尘效果。将降尘剂在现场进行应用,实测工作面各测点平均总尘和呼尘浓度分别降至72 mg/m^(3)和44 mg/m^(3),平均总尘降尘率达到84.2%,平均呼尘降尘率达到82.7%。研制的喷雾降尘剂溶液能高效雾化产生较为理想的雾滴粒径,且对煤尘有较强的凝并包裹作用,能高效降低工作现场的粉尘污染,保障工人的职业健康和安全。In view of the serious dust pollution of fully mechanized mining and the poor effect of spraying water on the wetting and capturing of coal dust,the large molecular weight of traditional spray dust reducing agents,the viscosity of the solution is not easy to atomize and the unsatisfactory dust reduction effect,etc.,in order to improve the comprehensive mining face spray dust removal efficiency,reduce the dust concentration in the work area,under low temperature conditions,by introducing polydopamine into the acrylamide polymerization reaction system to control the degree of polymerization,generate a highly efficient atomized dust-reducing agent molecule PDA-PAM,and use infrared spectroscopy to study its functional group structure.The product is compounded with surfactants and hygroscopic inorganic salts.Orthogonal experiments are designed with the contact angle of the solution to the coal sample and the sedimentation speed of coal dust in the solution as evaluation indicators.The formula of the dust depressant solution 0.8%PDA-PAM,0.05%dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and 0.05%NaCl is finally determined.Based on CFD numerical simulation technology,under the disturbance of 1.3 m/s wind flow in Bailu Coal Mine 4307 fully mechanized mining face,the atomization of spray dust reducer solution at 1—8 MPa was simulated,revealing the influence law of spray dust reducer on spray atomization characteristics.Numerical simulation results show that there is a power function relationship between the average particle size of the droplets and the spray pressure;compared with the clean water spray,the average droplet size of the fog field produced by adding the compound spray dust suppressant is smaller and the distribution is more uniform;when the spray pressure is 8 MPa,the ratio of the droplet size of the fog field generated by spraying the dust-reducing agent solution in the optimal size range of 20—100μm reaches 90.31%.It is verified by experiments of moisturizing and accelerating coagulation that the spray dus

关 键 词：喷雾降尘剂 雾化特性 综采工作面 雾滴分布规律 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]