最低工资政策能否提升劳动者健康——来自区县级数据的证据  

Can Minimum Wage Policy Improve Worker's Health in China?Evidence from County-Level Data

作　　者：张思涵 郭四维 曲兆鹏[3] 张明昂 Sihan Zhang;Siwei Guo;Zhaopeng Qu;Ming-ang Zhang(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Information Science and Technology University;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University;School of Business,Nanjing University;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Central University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学经济管理学院 [2]清华大学经济管理学院 [3]南京大学商学院 [4]中央财经大学财政税务学院

出　　处：《经济学报》2023年第2期308-334,共27页China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72203247)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用中国各区县之间最低工资水平调整时间和幅度的差异,构建了一个广义双差分模型,对最低工资政策能否提升劳动者健康问题进行了系统的经验分析。研究结果表明,最低工资政策显著提高了劳动者的健康水平。进一步根据收入分组分析发现,该政策提高了低收入者的健康水平,对中高收入者的健康没有影响。对该效应的机制分析表明:增加劳动者被正式雇佣的机会、增加收入水平、增加健康投资、改善健康行为是这一效应得以实现的主要途径;相反,由于最低工资提高,劳动者增加工作时间,对健康状况产生负面影响的机制并不显著。本文的结论深化了对于最低工资政策影响的认识,为更科学全面评估我国的最低工资政策提供了新的参考。This paper uses the differences of the time and magnitude of minimum wage adjustments across counties to construct a Generalized Difference-in-Differences model to conduct a systematically empirical analysis on this problem.Research results show that China's minimum wage policy has significantly improved worker's health.Further analysis based on the income subgroup finds that the minimum wage policy significantly improves the health of low-income earners,but has no effect on the health of middle-and high-income earners.The mechanism analysis of the minimum wage policy's effect on low-income earners further shows that it increases the probability of workers being formally employed,increases income and health investment,and improves health behavior,which are the reasons for the minimum wage-health effect;on the contrary,we find no significant evidence for the potential mechanism that the increase of the minimum wage negatively affects the health of workers by increasing their working hours.This paper's conclusion deepens the understanding of the impact of the minimum wage policy and provides a new reference for a more scientific and comprehensive assessment of China's minimum wage policy.

关 键 词：最低工资政策 劳动者健康 广义双重差分模型 区县数据 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] R195[经济管理—国民经济]