双原子分子振动热容量辨析  

A CLARIFICATION OF VIBRATIONAL HEAT CAPACITY OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES

作　　者：游子轩 周子诺 谢贤烨 赵宇航 王鑫 刘全慧 YOU Zixuan;ZHOU Zinou;XIE Xianye;ZHAO Yuhang;WANG Xin;LIU Quanhui(School for Theoretical Physics,College of Physics and Electronics,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学物理与微电子科学学院理论物理研究所,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《物理与工程》2023年第2期5-8,12,共5页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：教育部高等学校教学研究项目(DWJZW202136zn)资助;湖南省教改项目(HNJG-2022-0506)资助。

摘　　要：双原子分子理想气体中,分子内部振动运动和转动运动最简单的耦合使得振转运动对能量均分定理会出现偏离,此时,振动自由度对能量的贡献不一定是kT。对于氢分子来说,即使温度接近离解特征温度,振动自由度对能量的贡献近似为kT,即能量均分定理成立。In the ideal gas of diatomic molecules,the simplest coupling of vibrational motion and rotational motion inside the molecule makes the vibratory motion deviate from the equipartition theorem of energy.At this time,the contribution of vibrational degrees of freedom to energy is not necessarily kT.For hydrogen molecules,even if the temperature is close to the characteristic temperature of dissociation,the contribution of vibration degrees of freedom to energy is approximately kT,that is,the equipartition theorem holds.

关 键 词：热力学 理想气体 双原子分子 转动 振动 振转 

分 类 号：O56[理学—原子与分子物理]