青贮玉米与大豆秸秆混合比例及添加剂对青贮品质及微生物数量的影响  

Effects of Mixing Ratio and Additives on Mixed Silage Quality and Microbe Quantity of Silage Maize and Soybean Straw

作　　者：丁婉[1] 邢宝龙 DING Wan;XING Baolong(High Latitude and Cold Weather Crops Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University,Datong,Shanxi 037008)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所,山西大同037008

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第7期1489-1495,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600605-07);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC075);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L076)。

摘　　要：为明确晋北地区农牧交错带青贮玉米(Zea mays)与大豆(Glycine max)秸秆混合比例及添加剂对青贮品质及微生物数量的影响,以全株玉米和大豆秸秆为材料,按质量比10∶0(T0)、8∶2(T2)、6∶4(T4)、4∶6(T6)、2∶8(T8)、0∶10(T10)进行混合青贮,每个混合比例分别设无添加剂对照组(CK)和添加布氏乳杆菌(LB)两个处理,测定青贮饲料的营养成分、发酵品质及微生物数量,并进行感官评定。结果表明,除单独青贮大豆秸秆外,其他处理组的青贮饲料感官评定均为优良。随着大豆秸秆比例的增加,干物质、粗蛋白、水溶性碳水化合物含量增加,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量逐渐下降。青贮玉米和大豆秸秆混合比例为4∶6和2∶8时,乳酸含量高于其他处理组,而pH值、乙酸、丙酸含量和氨态氮/总氮低于其他处理组,且使用添加剂能改善饲料的青贮品质。同时,当青贮玉米和大豆秸秆以4∶6和2∶8的比例混合时,可形成养分互补,提高饲用价值,实现秸秆资源利用价值最大化。本研究为确定晋北地区农牧交错带混合青贮的最优混合比例提供了理论依据。To clarify effects of different mixed ratios and additives on the quality and microbe quantity of mixed silage with maize and soybean straws in the farming-pastoral ecotones in northern Shanxi Province,mixed silage was carried out according to the weight ratio of 10∶0(T0),8∶2(T2),6∶4(T4),4∶6(T6),2∶8(T8),0∶10(T10).Each mixed ratio was set to two treatments:no additive control group(CK)and Lactobacillus buchneri(LB)addition.The nutrient composition,fermentation quality and microbial quantity of silage were analyzed and sensory evaluation was performed.The results showed that except for T0 treatment,the sensory evaluation of silage in other treatments was excellent.With the increase of the proportion of soybean straw,the contents of dry matter,crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrate increased,while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased gradually.When the mixed ratios of silage corn and soybean straw were 4∶6 and 2∶8,the lactic acid content was higher than other treatment groups,while pH,acetic acid,propionic acid content and ammonia-nitrogen/total nitrogen was lower than other treatment groups,and the additives can improve the silage quality of silage.In addition,with the addition of additives,the number of lactic acid bacteria was significantly increased and the number of yeast and mold were significantly decreased,and inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms.The treatments of 4∶6 and 2∶8 can complement the nutrients of silage,improve feeding value and maximize the utilization value of straw resources.This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting the optimal mixed ratio of silage in the farming-pastoral ecotones in northern Shanxi Province.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 大豆秸秆 添加剂 青贮品质 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]