宪法基本权利的中国特色  

The Chinese Characteristics of Constitutional Basic Rights

作　　者：陈征 Chen Zheng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2023年第3期95-105,共11页Jingchu Law Review

摘　　要：虽然各国宪法基本权利的规定和相关理论具有较多共性,但我国宪法中的基本权利仍然存在一些自身特色,包括基本权利规定本身的特色和基于基本义务、序言、总纲、国家机构等其他规定对基本权利发挥辐射作用而形成的特色。基本权利本身的特色主要体现在我国宪法关于社会权与特别平等权的规定中。社会权入宪不会导致公民个人左右民主立法和预算,更不会影响宪法权威。基本义务不可能为相关基本权利的保护范围划定界限,若立法者在具体化基本义务时限制了公民的基本权利,则应接受比例原则的全面审查。序言和总纲中的一些规定既可能增强又可能减弱基本权利受到保护的强度,而社会主义和生态文明的规定又分别使财产权负有社会义务和生态义务。通过国家机构规定的辐射,法律保留中的“法律”应当包括地方性法规,同时应对起源于德国的审查密度理论进行必要的修正。Although the provisions of basic rights and related theories in the constitutions of various countries have many commonalities,the basic rights in our constitution still have some characteristics of their own,including the characteristics of the provisions of basic rights themselves and the characteristics formed based on other provisions such as fundamental obligations,preamble,general outline,and state institutions that play a radiating role on the fundamental rights.The fundamental rights themselves are mainly characterized by our constitutional provisions on social rights and special equality rightS.On social rights and special equality rights.The constitutionalisation of social rights will not result in individual citizens dictating democratic legislation and budgets,let alone affecting constitutional authority.Basic obligations cannot delimit the scope of protection of the related fundamental rights,and if the legislator limits the fundamental rights of citizens in specifying the basic obligations,they should be subject to the comprehensive review of the principle of proportionality.Some provisions in the preamble and general outline may both enhance and diminish the intensity with which fundamental rights are protected,while the socialist and ecological civilization provisions impose social and ecological obligations on property rights,respectively.The"law"in the legal reservation should include local regulations through the radiation provided by state agencies,and the necessary amendments should be made to the density of review theory that originated in Germany.

关 键 词：基本权利 基本义务 社会权 平等权 法律保留 比例原则 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]