“大姨妈案”与商标权行政诉讼再审审查范围  

The"Da Yi Ma"Case and the Review Scope of Certiorari Retrial of the Administrative Litigation on Trademarks

作　　者：卢震豪 Lu Zhenhao

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2023年第3期148-160,共13页Jingchu Law Review

摘　　要：商标权行政诉讼再审的审查范围并非一成不变,需要在个案场景中,通过“法条论据”与“隐蔽论据”的场景因素来论证合法性。以“大姨妈”商标权无效宣告请求行政纠纷案为例,最高人民法院主动审查了未被行政评审的《商标法》第10条的“不良影响”新理由。从法教义学上看,最高人民法院扩大审查范围的合法性似乎值得商榷,虽然《行政诉讼法》第87条与《行政诉讼法司法解释》第120条互为补强,形成司法论证的推力;但是《商标确权司法解释》第2条将“全面审查”限定为例外,体现“行政未审,司法不审”原则,同时案例场景中“商评委未主动评审”也难以纳入第2条“相关认定”“明显不当”的制定法内涵,由此导致司法论证的阻力。然而,如果超越法教义学继续深挖再审制度的功能主义,考虑到行政再审场景的“监督控权”因素与知识产权场景的“司法主导”因素,采信另案评审对“大姨妈”商标所涉《商标法》第10条的“不良影响”理由进行审查,则最高人民法院扩大行政再审审查范围具有法律上的妥当性。引申到普遍意义,这种场景因素说有助于判断四级法院审级职能定位改革中行政诉讼类型化的多元再审审查范围。The review scope of certiorari retrial of the administrative litigation on trademarks is not static,and it is necessary to argue the legality of the retrial through the contextual factors of'statutory evidence"and"concealed evidence"in the case.In the case of the administrative dispute over the invalidation of the trademark of"Da Yi Ma,"for example,the Supreme People's Court took the initiative to review the new grounds of"adverse effects"in Article 10 of the Trademark Law that had not been reviewed in the administrative procedure of trademark review and adjudication.From a legal doctrinal point of view,the legality of the Supreme Court's expanded scope of review seems questionable.This is because Article 2 of the Judicial Interpretation of Trademark Rights limits"comprehensive review"to an exception,reflecting the principle of"no judicial review before administrative review,"and it is also difficult to incorporate the"relevant determination"of"obviously improper"into Article 2 in the case,which leads to the resistance of judicial argumentation,though Article 87 of the Administrative Procedure Law and Article 120 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Administrative Procedure Law complement each other and form the thrust of judicial argumentation.However,with continuing to dig deeper into the functionalism of the retrial system beyond legal doctrine and considering the"supervisory balance"factor of the retrial in the administrative litigation context and the"judicial dominance"factor in the intellectual property context,and adopting other cases to review the"adverse effect"grounds of Article 10 of the Trademark Law in relation to the"Da Yi Ma"trademark,it is legally appropriate for the Supreme Court to expand the review scope of the retrial.Extending to a general sense,this contextual theory has merit in judging the review scope of a pluralistic retrial of administrative litigation typology in the reform of the four levels of courts'trial-level functions.

关 键 词：行政诉讼再审 审查范围 场景性商标评审 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学] D925.3[政治法律—法学]