全球地热能的开发利用现状与展望  

Current state,utilization and prospective of global geothermal energy

作　　者：汪集暘[1] 庞忠和[1] 程远志[1] 黄永辉 姜光政 陆振能[4] 孔彦龙[1] WANG Jiyang;PANG Zhonghe;CHENG Yuanzhi;HUANG Yonghui;JIANG Guangzheng;LU Zhenneng;KONG Yanlong(Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;College of Energy,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610051,China;Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510651,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102249 [3]成都理工大学能源学院,成都610051 [4]中国科学院广州能源研究所,广州510651

出　　处：《科技导报》2023年第12期5-11,共7页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2020-DX03-B-007);中国科学院学部前沿交叉研判项目(XK2022DXA002)。

摘　　要：地热能作为一种非碳基、清洁能源,具有稳定连续输出的优势,对实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的发展目标具有重要价值。地热能的利用通常分为地热发电、直接利用和地热储能。自2010年以来,全球地热直接利用呈指数增长,地热直接利用装机容量和年利用热量分别约为108 GWt和283580 GWh,中国在地热直接利用方面长期保持世界第一。热泵系统呈现每年约16%的指数增长,地源热泵系统在全球地热直接利用的装机容量和利用热量中占比分别约为72%和60%。受高温地热资源利用技术的制约,2010—2020年地热发电的年均增长率约为4%。地热储能作为地热利用的前沿领域,欧洲和美国分别部署“HEATSTORE”和“Geothermal Battery”储能项目。中国科学院地热团队承担的地热储能项目也已进入技术研发和示范工程建设。地热储作为巨大的天然能源储库,最适宜在多能互补系统中承担蓄能和实现热能稳定输出的功能,可以把其他能源跨季节储蓄起来,实现高效规模化跨季节储能,提高能源的利用效率,助力实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标。As a non-carbon clean energy,geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply.The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation,geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage.Since 2010,global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially,with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh,respectively.China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization.The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16%every year,and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72%and 60%of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat,respectively.The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4%restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources.Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization.Europe and the United States have deployed the"HEATSTORE"and"Geothermal Battery"energy storage projects respectively.The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction.As a huge natural energy storage,geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system.It can save other energy sources across seasons,realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons,and improve energy utilization efficiency.Therefore,it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：地热能 资源分布 地热储能 

分 类 号：P314[天文地球—固体地球物理学] TK521[天文地球—地球物理学]