最低工资、成本价格传递与家庭真实福利效应  

Minimum Wages,Cost-price Pass-through and Real Household Welfare Effects

作　　者：邹红[1] 肖翰 宋泽 熊倩倩 ZOU Hong;XIAO Han;SONG Ze;XIONG Qianqian(School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院,611130 [2]南开大学经济学院,300071

出　　处：《经济研究》2023年第6期173-189,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDA108)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：最低工资政策需要兼顾企业生产成本和家庭生活福利。本文通过构建理论模型刻画最低工资成本在企业部门和家户部门的传递过程,首次结合住户调查、超市价格和工业企业等多套数据库,从生活成本视角考察最低工资标准调整对城镇家庭消费效用的影响及其价格传递机制,进而测算包含收入补偿和消费效用损失的净福利变化。研究发现:(1)企业的价格转移行为是引起家庭消费效用损失的主要原因,最低工资上调导致企业的平均工资水平上升和劳动力成本增加,并且通过理论模型估算的成本价格传递弹性和由实证估计得到的最低工资价格弹性系数都说明,企业的价格转移行为导致最终消费品价格的上涨;(2)最低工资提升10%,家庭生活成本总体增加2.47%-6.76%,经济生活成本约增加122-334元/季度,其中食品和鞋服价格受到最大影响;(3)在收入补偿和消费效用损失的共同作用下,最低20%和中间60%收入家庭将分别获益658元/季度和469—556元/季度。本文的发现有助于多措并举完善最低工资配套设计,为推动实现全体人民共同富裕的中国式现代化和扩大内需提供路径参考。Nearly 65%of China's population earned less than CNY 100000 per year in 2019,and wages accounted for about two-thirds of the income of urban residents.Amid the COVID-19 pandemic,China's economy is confronted with the triple challenge of shrinking demand,supply shock,and weakening expectations.Low-income households are more susceptible to income loss,unemployment risk,and welfare reduction,and their income growth rate is also much lower than that of middle-and high-income households.China's minimum wage system,which has been adjusted every two years since 2004,aims to ensure workers'basic living standards,regulate income distribution,and enhance social welfare.Between 2002 and 2019,the average minimum wage of county-level regions in China increased from CNY 303 to CNY 1043,while the average social wage increased by nearly seven times.The truncation mechanism and spillover mechanism of the minimum wage play an important role in releasing the consumption demand of low-income households.However,most of minimum wage studies have neglected the cost-price pass-through effect and overestimated the real welfare effects of raising the minimum wage.This paper develops a theoretical model to examine the cost-price pass-through effect of the minimum wage in the enterprise and household sectors.It analyzes the consumption utility loss caused by the minimum wage-induced price increase under the market clearing assumption.Using the Chinese Urban Household Survey(UHS),National Consumer Goods Retail Price data,the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Survey,and national county-level minimum wage data,this paper combines empirical and theoretical model estimations to research whether enterprise pass-through behavior is the main source of household consumption utility loss.The minimum wage hike raises the average wage level and labor cost of enterprises,which then passes on the cost of food,shoes,and clothing products.The cost-price pass-through elasticity of minimum wage first declines and then stabilizes as the labor factor share decreas

关 键 词：最低工资 成本价格传递 家庭生活成本 净福利 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] F126[经济管理—国民经济]