Toward the next step to the New Green Revolution  

作　　者：Tadao Asami 

机构地区：[1]Graduate School of Life and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Tokyo,1-1-1 Yayoi,Bunkyo,Tokyo 113-8657,Japan

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2023年第5期802-803,共2页分子植物（英文版）

摘　　要：The“Green Revolution”spread worldwide due to the propagation of the causative gene of a semi-dwarf variety of wheat Norin 10 mutant,which was bred by Dr.Gonjiro Inazuka in 1935.This dwarf variety was later used to help produce high-yielding,semi-dwarf winter wheat varieties by Prof.Orille Vogel,which were then crossed with Mexican wheat varieties to produce a dwarf variety by Dr.Norman Borlaug in 1953.Dwarf wheat is more productive because it is less prone to lodging and allows higher nitrogen fertilizer application.The introduction of dwarf wheat to agriculture later contributed significantly to improve food security in developing countries by increasing world wheat productivity five-fold.The leader of the project,Dr.Borlaug,was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work and is known as the father of the Green Revolution.Studies on wheat semi-dwarfism derived from Norin 10 by Prof.Mike Gale led to the molecular characterization of the Rht1 gene(Gale and Marshall,1976).In 1999,Prof.Harberd and his group identified the DELLA protein,a gibberellin(GA)signaling factor previously reported in Arabidopsis,as the causal gene corresponding to the phenotype Rht1 and demonstrated that variant forms of the GA–DELLA mechanism are crucial to yield(Peng et al.,1999).In rice,a GA biosynthesis mutant that exhibits a semi-dwarf phenotype due to stabilization of the rice DELLA protein SLR1 also played an important role in increasing yield(Sasaki et al.,2002).The induction of dwarfism through the use of GA biosynthesis inhibitors is also an important mechanism for increasing food production in wheat and rice(Rademacher,2000).However,this increase has recently reached a plateau.In addition,varieties used in the Green Revolution have low soil mineral nutrient(nitrogen)use efficiency(NUE)and rely on environmentally unsustainable fertilizer applications to achieve high yields.In this context,new approaches for increasing yields are essential for future food security by a way to coordinate high yield and NUE characteristics in cer

关 键 词：DWARF WHEAT METABOLISM 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]